Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG: Population and Education

1
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG)Population and
Education

• Kristi Gangi
• Evan Moon
• Evelyn Newey

2
Introduction

• Current population 6.1 billion people
• Growth 90 million people each year, or
  240,000/day
• In 1997, CO2 emissions 6.59 billion metric tons
  worldwide

3
Fertility Healthcare Overview

• Developing countries home to top 10 populous
  cities
• Mega cities have become economic giants but the
  result disease, traffic, pollution, scarcity of
  resources
• Huge economic gap between rich and poor
• Fertility choice is step toward equality
• Children important to the workforce agricultural
  productivity, tending animals, household chores

4
Education

• Developing countries illiterate women have high
  level of fertility and mortality, poor
  nutritional status, low earning potential
• Minimum threshold of education (more than 5-6
  years) must be achieved before significant
  improvements in female rights

A comparison of female literacy and fertility in
developing countriesSource UNFPA 2003
5
Barriers

• Poor families more likely to educate boys than
  girls for financial and social reasons
• Inadequate supply of classrooms
• Lack of female teachers (only 29 of teachers are
  females in developing countries)
• Girls are often taken out of school when they
  reach puberty to protect honor
• Girls taken out of school to help with family
  responsibilities

6
Actions Through Education to Reduce Fertility

• Classes held after childrens work in the fields
  and other chores
• Curriculum adapted to the needs of the students
  (sex education in-line with religious and social
  beliefs)
• Classes held at teachers homes or after hours at
  already existing schools
• Train young girls into roles as local teachers
• Government incentives for families who send
  children to school examples financial aid and
  incentives towards school costs and food
  distribution

Source Brandeis University
7
Agriculture Food Security Overview

• During the last 50 years, 17 of the planet's
  soils have been severely degraded
• That's 2 billion hectares, the size of China
  and India combined
• In 2025 food production will need to double to
  sustain world population
• In the developing world, climate change would
  lead to an increase in arid lands and lands with
  moisture stress

Source World Bank
8
Soil and Water

• Increased amount of droughts and shift in average
  temps and precipitation decreased crop yield
• Worldwide ag uses 70 of all water
• Loss of carbon stored in peat and soil organic
  matter
• Soil erosion

9
Consequences

• 1.1 billion hectares of land with growing
  periods of less than 120 days
• Developing world will experience an 11 decrease
  in cultivable rain fed land for cereal production
• By 2080, there could be an expansion of this area
  of land 5 to 8, or 50 to 90 million hectares
• Climate change will cause rising sea levels
  (threatening millions of people), changing
  precipitation patterns, thinning of polar ice
  caps, heat waves, floods, droughts, water
  shortages and disruptions of forests and
  agriculture
• FAO

10
Actions

• Integrated pest and production management to
  prevent pest outbreaks achieved through naturally
  occurring predators
• Organic ag synthetic inputs prohibited and crop
  rotation required
• Conservation better nutrient cycle by
  micro-organisms in soil
• Carbon capturing more carbon in ag land less
  emitted into environment

Capturing more carbon in agricultural soils will
mean water is used where it falls, leading to
cleaner waterways and less silting Source Carbon
Coalition Against Carbon Warming
11
Economy Overview

• Preventing global warming would cost the world
  economy a devastating 18 trillion (9.9
  trillion) even under the most conservative
  assumptions
• The New Scotsman

12
Consequences

• Poorer developing countries are more economically
  affected by global warming
• No money to adapt
• More expensive to cut CO2 emissions radically
  than to pay costs of adaptation to the increased
  temps

Source World Resources Institute
13
Projected Actions

• Production of bio-energy demands
• Developing countries will require financial aid
• UN Economic and Social Council to promote
  biennial high level developing cooperation forum
  to review trends in international development
  cooperation including strategies, policies and
  financing

14
Conclusion

• Advancing gender equality through reversing
  various social and economic handicaps that make
  women voiceless and powerless may also be one of
  the best ways of saving the environment, and
  countering the dangers of overcrowding and other
  adversities associated with population pressure
• The voice of women is crucially important for the
  worlds future not simply for the future of women
• Source Amartya Sen

Pygmy woman in Congo/Source Planet Save
15
References

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• http//www.optimumpopulation.org/opt.earth.html
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• http//www.who.int/globalchange/climate/en/chapter
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