BIRDS AND MAMMALS

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BIRDS AND MAMMALS

• Marja Launonen
• Mirjami Margaritis
• Saija Turpeinen
• Risto Eronen
• Simo Eronen
• Niko-Petteri Nykänen
• Heidi Sallinen
• Toni Sairinen
• Kimmo Moilanen
• Nina Nevalainen

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• Some of the mammals and birds which can be seen
  during the warmer seasons are not seen during the
  winters
• Migration (many of the birds)
• Hibernation
• Stupor

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• Mammals - except squirrels - are most active
  during the dark hours
• Tracks are usually the only proof of their
  existence in a place
• Some mammals stay most of their time under the
  snow and others are active on the snow.

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Materials and methods

• We observed the tracks of mammals in 8
  different biotopes. Only tracks younger than 24
  hours were included (older tracks are marked in
  parentheses).
• The observations were made in four different
  days, 20.-23.2.2006, by four different groups.
  Each group had 10 students. Every day groups
  observed different biotopes with different
  distances, for example 20.2.06 biotopes B,G and
  H and 22.2.06 biotopes B, K and O.
• The lengths of the skiing tracks were measured
  afterwards by using a map.

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Biotopes

• A Birch dominated uncultivated forest
• B Spruce dominated cultivated forest
• D Spruce dominated uncultivated forest
• E Birch dominated cultivated forest
• G Pine forest
• H Pine bog
• I Cultivated land with pine and birch
• J Young deciduous forest
• K Clear-cut area
• O Old pine forest

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Results of all 4 day index
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Year 2005 result index
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Voles and small carnivores

• Researched the connection between vole and
  carnivore (red fox, pine marten, weasel, stoat)
  populations
• Found no larger connection between them
• Only stoats and weasels are dependent on vole
  food

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The densities of squirrel hare and fox 1990-2006
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The densities of some mammals 1990-2006
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BIRDS

• Birds that stay here will have to adapt to e.g.
  coldness, snow and short days.
• There isnt much food available at wintertime, so
  during the short daytime most of their activities
  aim at adequate food supply.

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• Overwintering is usually possible because of
  different survival mechanisms
• Fattening
• Behaviour
• Morphology
• Some birds e.g. grouses (Tetraonidae) can benefit
  from snow cover by burrowing into it.
• Snow offers them a hiding place both from the
  predators and the coldness outside.

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Material and methods

• Our research took place in three different forest
  areas
• Myllykorpi (spruce dominated uncultivated forest)
• Viitavalkamo (birch dominated cultivated forest)
• Mekrijärvi (spruce dominated cultivated forest)
• These are the same feeding places used in the
  earlier years

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• Two mist nets were used to catch birds
• Birds were ringed and their
• Age
• Sex
• Weight and
• Fat index were measured

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Captured bird species

• Pyrrhula pyrrhula
• -Bullfinch

Parus montanus -Willow tit
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• Parus major
• -Great tit
• Dendrocopos major
• -Great spotted woodpecker

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Parus caeruleus -Blue tit

• Parus cristatus
• -Crested tit

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• Carduelis flammea
• -Redpoll
• Carduelis chloris
• -Western greenfinch

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• Certhia familiaris
• -Common treecreeper

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Captured birds by biotopes
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Captured birds in 1990-2006
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Temperatures in 1990-2006
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