Panpsychism, Collective Orchestration, and the Power of Fields Implications of Synchronicity and the

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Panpsychism, Collective Orchestration, and the
Power of FieldsImplications of Synchronicity
and the Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order

• By
• Werner Krieglstein, PhD
• Professor of Philosophy
• College of DuPage

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• When Erwin Schrödinger in 1944 investigated the
  question What is Life? little was known about
  collective behavior of individuals and particles
  at the small and at the large scale.
• Schrödinger believed that knowing the smallest
  part will give information on the whole.
• This method, used by traditional science, is
  called reductionism.

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• During the twentieth century new insights into
  the behavior of complex dynamical systems
  propelled scientists to develop whole new
  branches of science. Science began to study
  emergent properties.
• General Theory of Relativity
• Quantum Mechanics
• Chaos Theory

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• Today we have
• Holism
• System Theory,
• Cybernetics
• Science of Complexity
• Interdisciplinary Research became popular

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• Holism assumed that the whole had more to offer
  than the sum of its parts,
• System theory proposed to investigate the nature
  of systems
• Emergentism took aim at the emergent properties
  of a system on its way to greater complexity.
• Theory of Complexity dealt with emergent
  properties of a dynamical system.
• Downward Causation tried to account for
  restraints put on individuals by the whole.

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• Today we should have a better understanding of
  how complexity might be the source of
  sophisticated new and dynamic properties such as
  consciousness or life. But do we?

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• One can only wonder why the physics of
  cooperative phenomena and self-organization in
  open, non-equilibrium systems is ignored.
• 1 J. A. Scott Kelso and Hermann Haken,
  Synergetics of brain and behavior, in What is
  Life? The next fifty years. 1995 Pgs 137 160.

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• I first learned of Wholeness as an aesthetic
  function
• Theodore W. Adorno described the transition of a
  piece of art from the level of disconnectedness
  to the level of wholeness as a qualitative
  transition. (qualitativer Umschlag)
• The dialectical triad for instance produces such
  a qualitative transition.

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• The dialectical model was a first
  conceptualization of a collective process that
  today is called phase transition by physicists
  and bifurcation by system theorists.
• a bifurcation occurs when a small change made to
  a system causes a sudden 'qualitative' change in
  its long-term dynamical behavior.

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• This model might be useful as an explanation or a
  visualization of qualitative advance of natural
  systems.
• When a certain critical mass or threshold is
  reached the system changes rapidly. (for example
  water turns to ice)

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• The biologist Stuart Kauffman emphasized the
  importance of collective dynamics in the
  emergence of life.
• The ultimate source of order and
  self-reproduction may lie in the emergence of
  collectively ordered dynamics in complex chemical
  reaction systems.

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• . . . development and evolution, while requiring
  the stability of organic molecules, may also
  require emergent ordered properties in the
  collective behavior of complex, non-equilibrium
  chemical reaction systems.
• Kauffman

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• Such complex reaction systems can spontaneously
  cross a threshold, or phase transition, beyond
  which they become capable of collective
  self-reproduction, evolution, and exquisitely
  ordered dynamical behavior. The ultimate sources
  of the order requisite for lifes emergence and
  evolution may rest on new principles of
  collective emergent behavior in far from
  equilibrium reaction systems. Kauffman, What is
  Life? Was Schrödinger right? pg. 84.

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• Today scientists everywhere are looking for some
  universal principles, fundamental rules that
  shape all complex adaptive systems. Roger Lewin,
  Complexity at the Edge of Chaos (New York,
  McMillan 1992)
• Could such collective behavior also be behind the
  as of now insufficiently explained phenomenon of
  Macro evolution?

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• I call such collective emergent behavior
  Collective Orchestration
• Collective orchestration describes a system of
  evolutionary advance that as of now has not been
  fully explored.

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Hypothesis Collective Orchestration

• Collective Orchestration is synchronized behavior
  of otherwise independently existing individuals
  for the purpose of achieving tasks that are not
  achievable by each individual in separation.
• Through Collective Orchestration individuals
  collaborate to achieve a qualitatively higher
  state of existence.

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Question Would this be purposeful behavior or
intent?

• Fact Living things, even as low as bacteria, do
  collaborate

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• Recent studies of microorganisms have revealed
  diverse complex social behaviors, including
  cooperation in foraging, building, reproducing,
  dispersing and communicating. These
  microorganisms should provide novel, tractable
  systems for the analysis of social evolution.
• 1 Bernard Cresp, The Evolution of Social
  Behavior in Microorganisms in trends Ecol.Evo.
  2001 April 16(4) pgs.178-183. pg. 178.

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For Example the dictyostelium a one-cell organism

• when a qualified number of dictyostelia
  experience a deficiency in food and space they
  collectively form one large multi-celled organism
  with head, tail, and digestive system.
• Each cell takes over a specific function within
  the new organism. They group together to achieve
  certain goals that they could not achieve by
  themselves.

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• Some of these bacteria have been observed to
  undergo programmed death or suicide in an
  attempt to provide food for the remaining
  bacteria or to build the outer layer of the new
  structure.
• What is the source of such social behavior ?
• No observable DNA in the original units. They are
  identical.
• Yet, at the moment of unification they seem to
  know and perhaps even choose their places.

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• These one-cell creatures even seem to know when
  they have reached the right number before they go
  into action.
• Knowing this critical number is called quorum
  sensing.

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• Cooperative behavior and synchronicity is also
  found in the molecular and even in the quantum
  world.

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• Traditional explanations are unable to fully
  account for these cooperative phenomena
  especially when they occur in the inorganic
  world.

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• In their descriptions of the quantum world
  physicists often use terms such as choosing or
  being excited.
• Generally they are quick to assure that their
  descriptive terms are just that language

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• The Science of Synergetics has developed models
  of collective behavior among non-sentient
  particles.
• In the world of dead things order develops
  seemingly out of nowhere, as J. A. Scott Kelso
  and Hermann Haken observed.
• In the language of Synergetics these ordering
  principles in open dynamical systems are called
  control parameters.

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• Says Kelso and Haken As this control parameter
  increases, an amazing event called an instability
  occurs. The liquid begins to move microscopically
  in an orderly rolling motion. The system is no
  longer a haphazard collection of randomly moving
  molecules billions of molecules cooperate to
  create macroscopic patterns evolving in space and
  time.
• 1 J. A. Scott Kelso and Hermann Haken,
  Synergetics of brain and behavior, in What is
  Life? The next fifty years. Pgs 137 160.

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• The system is no longer random.
• Instead it is now governed by a set of control
  parameters.
• Synergetics sees this as a loss of freedom.

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• According to the rules of thermodynamics, a
  random system allows a higher degree of freedom,
  or unpredictability, than a more ordered system.
• Haken therefore calls this emerging order the
  slaving principle.

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• But within the same paragraph Haken contradicts
  himself and speaks of that rich behavioral
  complexity resulting from it. pg. 143.
• The ordered system is capable to achieve
  completely new tasks.

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• What Haken calls a decrease in freedom, is
  actually an increase in degrees of freedom when
  seen from a different perspective.
• Hakens description of this occurrence as a
  slaving principle is wrong.

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• Compare a fascist military that moves in lockstep
  with a democratically operating spiritual
  community where individuals freely cooperate to
  achieve some tasks.
• From the outside both may appear working like a
  machine, but while one experiences a loss of
  freedom, the other finds in their cooperation new
  spiritual heights.

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• The difference here is self-organization.
• The fascist army is by definition directed from
  the top down,
• the spiritual community may be a self-organizing
  group.
• In the top down mode the slaving principle is
  self evident.

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• According to traditional science, the non- living
  universe is random, intention-less, accidental.
• Particles follow the laws of nature, foremost the
  Second Law of Thermodynamics, blindly.
• One could say that laws enslave them.
  Traditionally the only other option is an outside
  force, a dictator, or god. This is why
  philosophers have called nature the realm of
  necessity. (das Reich der Notwendigkeit.)

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• But in dynamical systems, the emergence of
  pattern and pattern switching arises solely as a
  result of the cooperative dynamics of the system
  with no specific ordering influence from the
  outside and no homunculus-like agent or program
  inside.
• The control parameter is non-specific, that is,
  it does not prescribe or contain the code for the
  emergent pattern which is said to be a product of
  self-organization.

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• To illustrate this emerging synergistic order
  Kelso and Haken give the following examples
• vortex formation in a Taylor Couette system,
• the onset of coherent laser light,
• the formation of concentration patterns in
  certain chemical reactions such as the
  Belousev-Zhabotinski reaction,
• and the so-called Turing instability which has
  served, with limited success, as a model for
  morphogenesis. (the study of biological shapes
  and forms)

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• All these systems and many more are the result of
  
• self-organization.

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• Says Kelso and Haken In self-organizing
  systems, there is no deus ex machina, no ghost in
  the machine ordering the parts. No self in
  fact.
• The same is true for most chemical systems.

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• Kauffman compares the phenomenon of
  self-organizing sets of molecules with the
  formation of crystals. Selforganizing phase
  transition happens everywhere.

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• Kauffman asserts
• The phase transition theory I have outlined
  suggests that sufficiently complex systems of
  catalytic polymers should crystallize
  connected, collectively autocatalytic webs of
  reactions as an emergent, spontaneous property,
  without the chemists intelligent design of the
  web structure. Kauffman, pg. 96

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• An autocatalytic system is a self-organizing
  system in which all parts communicate with each
  other.
• The pages of a book or a garbage pile are often
  called system, but they are not autocatalytic.

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Proposal Panpsychism
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Panpsychism

• I propose to adopt the philosophy of Panpsychism

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• Panpsychism solves the phenomenon of
  self-organization in the inanimate world

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• Panpsychism is the accepted view of all primal
  people and most non-Western traditions.

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• Panpsychism is the view that the whole world,
  including the inanimate world, is permeated with
  some level of mind or consciousness.
• This view has alternately been called
  panpsychism, panexperientialism, or quantum
  animism.

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• According to pan-psychism, awareness and life do
  not start at the level of one-cell organisms,
  animals, or even only with human beings, but a
  rudimentary level of awareness exists at the
  deepest level of the material world.

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All things have mind

• . . . the view that all things have a mind, or a
  mind-like quality has been held by a
  surprisingly large number of the greatest
  thinkers in the history of western civilization.
  ..virtually throughout the whole of the past 2500
  years. Even in the modern era of philosophy
  (since 1500 CE), one finds nearly three dozen
  major philosophers advocating some variation on
  the panpsychist theme. . . Clearly these
  individuals found something compelling about
  panpsychism. David Skrbina in JCS

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Panpsychism hallmark of anti-mechanistic
worldview.

• . . . panpsychism has much to offer even beyond
  the confines of academic philosophy. It is not
  only a viable alternative conception of mind, but
  it promises to realign our thinking toward a more
  compassionate and ecological outlook on nature.

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• Certainly one of the contributing factors to our
  present environmental (and some would add,
  spiritual) crisis is an entrenched system of
  mechanistic values Skrbina Panpsychism in the
  West, (Cambridge, MAS. MIT Press, 2005)

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Panpsychism A solution to Spiritual Crisis

• A panpsychic world view can serve as the
  conceptual framework for a new system of
  sympathetic and ecological values, one that may
  form a new basis for action. Scrbina

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• In regard to Collective Orchestration
• Panpsychism allows evolutionary principles to be
  applied to the inanimate world.
• It allows us to see the Cosmos alive and
  receptive.
• It explains the phenomenon of Self-organization
  in the Inanimate world.

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What is Self-organization?

• Self-organization was first used as a technical
  term to describe the behavior of automatic
  systems in cybernetics and artificial
  intelligence. It was not until the late seventies
  and eighties that the idea of self-organization
  became more widely used, as scientists began to
  apply it in describing the self-generating and
  autocatalytic behavior of complex systems, both
  living and nonliving, in nature.
• Its popularization is mostly due to the rapid
  spread of another new science, the theory of
  chaotic or non-linear systems, in short the
  Theory of Chaos.

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• An autocatalytic system is a complex system in
  which all members are connected with each other
  by communication.
• A living system is self-maintaining,
  self-renewing and self-transcending.
• When accepting Panpsychism we can now say that
  all systems are self-maintaining, self-renewing
  and self-transcending

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• All natural systems have the inherent tendency to
  go beyond themselves in unpredictable, creative
  ways. They are self-transcending.
• The universe, far from being mostly dead stuff,
  is continuously communicating, creatively
  connecting, and renewing itself.

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• Panpsychism makes the phenomenon of
  self-organization at all levels of the organic
  and inorganic world plausible.
• Self-organization makes immediate, intuitive
  sense.

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• The biologist Stuart Kauffman said about the
  power of self-organization, which he boldly calls
  order for free an unexpected and profound order
  can emerge spontaneously. I believe this order is
  so powerful that it may account for much of the
  dynamical order in organisms.

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• Kauffman emphasized the importance of collective
  dynamics in the emergence of life.
• The ultimate source of order and
  self-reproduction may lie in the emergence of
  collectively ordered dynamics in complex chemical
  reaction systems.

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• Organisms, we have come to believe, are tinkered
  together contraptions, ad hoc marriages of design
  principles, chance, and necessity. I think this
  view is inadequate.
• Darwin did not know the power of
  self-organization. Indeed, we hardly glimpse that
  power ourselves.
• Such self-organization, from the origin of life
  to its coherent dynamics, must play an essential
  role in this history of life, indeed, I would
  argue, in any history of life.

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• But Darwin was also correct. Natural selection is
  always acting.
• Thus, we must rethink evolutionary theory. The
  natural history of life is some form of marriage
  between self-organization and selection. We must
  see life anew and fathom new laws for its
  unfolding. Stuart Kauffman

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• Such complex reaction systems. . . can
  spontaneously cross a threshold, or phase
  transition, beyond which they become capable of
  collective self-reproduction, evolution, and
  exquisitely ordered dynamical behavior.
• The ultimate sources of the order requisite for
  lifes emergence and evolution may rest on new
  principles of collective emergent behavior in far
  from equilibrium reaction systems. Kauffman,
  What is Life? Was Schrödinger right? pg. 84.

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• I suggest that Collective Orchestration is the
  universal principle that allows self-organization
  to co-exist with natural selection in the process
  of creating ever more complex systems- in
  physics, chemistry, and biology.

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• Collective Orchestration provides an
  organizational principle that seamlessly connects
  the so-called inorganic world with the world of
  living things.

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• Collective Orchestration is based on the
  principle of synchronization

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• The mathematician Strogatz observed that
  synchronized behavior patterns occur in nature on
  many levels. Technically such synchronized
  behavior is made possible through so-called
  oscillators. An oscillator is a pulsating device
  mostly used for the purpose of generating a
  signal. Stephen Strogatz, Sync The Emerging
  Science of Spontaneous Order, (2003)

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• Coupled oscillators are systems of such devices
  with two or more members that are communicating
  with each other. Often their communication
  results in synchronized behavior. Strogatz, pg 3.

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Oscillation Communication

• Groups of fireflies, planets, or pacemaker cells
  are all collections of oscillators-entities that
  cycle automatically, that repeat themselves over
  and over again at more or less regular time
  intervals.
• . . nature uses every available channel to allow
  these oscillators to talk to one another.
• And the result of those conversations is often
  synchrony, in which all the oscillators begin to
  move as one. Strogatz,

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• When sync occurs among unconscious entities like
  electrons or cells, it seems almost miraculous.
• It's surprising enough to see animals cooperating
  - thousands of crickets chirping in unison on a
  summer night the graceful undulating of schools
  of fish-
• but it's even more shocking to see mobs of
  mindless things falling into step by themselves.
  Strogatz

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• These occurrences of synchronized behavior all
  follow the same mathematical pattern described by
  oscillators. They are also perfect examples of
  how natural systems, animate and inanimate,
  self-organize into more complex systems. Strogatz

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• Strogatz concludes
• . . . fireflies organize themselves. No Maestro
  is required, and it doesn't matter what the
  weather is like. Sync occurs through mutual
  cuing, in the same way that an orchestra can keep
  perfect time without a conductor. Strogatz

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• These phenomena are so incredible that
  commentators have been led to deny their
  existence, attributing them to illusions,
  accidents, or perceptual errors. Other observers
  have soared into mysticism, attributing sync to
  supernatural forces in the cosmos. Strogatz

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• What's counterintuitive here is that the insects
  don't need to be intelligent. They have all the
  ingredients they need Each firefly contains an
  oscillator, a little metronome, whose timing
  adjusts automatically in response to the flashes
  of others. That's it. Strogatz

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• . . . at a deeper level, there is a connection,
  one that transcends the details of any particular
  mechanism.
• That connection is mathematics.
• All the examples are variations on the same
  mathematical theme self-organization, the
  spontaneous emergence of order out of chaos.
• Strogatz

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• Strogatz For reasons we don't yet understand,
  the tendency to synchronize is one of the most
  pervasive drives in the universe, extending from
  atoms to animals, from people to planets.

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• The new scientific paradigm that includes
  Panpsychism allows us to speculate which forces
  of nature are behind such persistent
  synchronization. What could cause this
  unexpected and profound order that can emerge
  spontaneously. An order that is so powerful
  that it may account for much of the dynamical
  order in organisms. Kaufman

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• Contrary to Strogatz we suggest that individuals
  do not synchronize automatically, but that they
  experience a sense of pleasure
• in collaboration.

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• Individuals at all levels prefer to be on rather
  than off, and they prefer to be with others
  rather than alone. These are the only innate
  rules they follow. The rest is chance and
  selection.

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• Consider John Conways Game of Life
• On a two dimensional board, based on a few
  mathematical rules, individual cells can live,
  die, or multiply.
• The patterns this cellular automaton produces are
  the result of a programmers intelligent design.
• The game lacks a vital ingredient
  Self-Organization.

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• What if we conceive of these cells as alive,
  performing these steps because they like to do
  so. The cells prefer to be alive, rather than
  dead. They like to cooperate and multiply.
• Now the game is self-sufficient, autocatalytic,
  self creating. in the process it creates the most
  interesting structures.

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• But one ingredient is still missing Complexity.
• The Game of Life is played on a two dimensional
  board.
• Nature creates complexity by climbing a
  dimensional ladder.
• We begin at zero dimension

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• With the inclusion of the panpsychist view we are
  allowed to assume that at the basis of the
  material world logical units operate and relate
  to each other without needing an outside impulse.
  

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• At Zero Dimension
• Pointless, mass-less, dimensionless objects,
  which the philosopher Alfred North Whitehead
  called Occasions of Experience, populate the
  base.
• Their only actuality is relational. They relate
  to each other.

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• As these individual Occasions of Experience
  relate to each other they build a network or
  field of relationships.
• Collectively they gain a degree of freedom and
  move to the next higher dimension, which is the
  first dimension.

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Elementary Domains

• Hideki Yukawa, a Nobel laureate for his discovery
  of meson theory, sought the yet unknown reality
  behind quantum theory.
• Yukawa looked for this reality in the
  discontinuous structure of space on the extremely
  fine sub-microscopic scale. He initiated a
  revolutionary school of thought in his theory of
  elementary domains.

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1. Dimension One dimensional strings

• Yukawas Elementary Domains are the same as
  Whiteheads Occasions of Experience.
• They collectively create a field and build
  objects in the next dimension.

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What is a field?

• A Field is a collection of individuals
  collaborating to create a single individual but
  in the next higher dimension.
• When two individual objects relate to each other
  they create the inner awareness of a new degree
  of freedom, or a new dimension.

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• One dimensional strings are the objects at the
  first dimension.

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2 dimension Higgs Field

• These one-dimensional strings cooperate, and
  again they build a field.
• This possibly is the speculative Higgs field.
• Two dimensional Higgs particles are the basic
  quanta of discontinuous space/time.

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3 Dimensional Space/Time

• Space/time quanta cooperate and build a
  continuous field which we experience as our three
  dimensional world.

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Examples, cont.

• Continuous space is the result of Collective
  Orchestration of Higgs bosons

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4. Dimension

• The result of vibrating and cooperating
  space/time quanta in the third dimension is the
  creation of material objects in the fourth
  dimension.
• We now have reached the level of elementary
  particles, which populate the 4th and 5th
  dimension.

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What is Gravity?

• Space/time quanta self organize and form quarks.
• This is the secret of gravity.

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• What appears as an attractive force is the
  self-organizing drift of space/time quanta. Large
  objects take in the quanta around them (as food
  if you will). This creates the illusion of
  attraction.
• Space itself moves toward large objects. Free
  fall in a vacuum feels like standing still.

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• Collective Orchestration presents an exiting new
  insight into the complex interplay of
  individuals, fields, and new individuals at a
  higher dimension.
• This will yield a new approach to the
  understanding of quantum field theory and
  electromagnetic fields.

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• In the light of Collective Orchestration, these
  coherent fields of quanta are organized systems,
  which in their higher order are capable to
  perform functions that were impossible for the
  lower order individuals.

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For Example Bose Einstein Condensate

• Einstein generalized Bose's theory to an ideal
  gas of identical atoms or molecules for which the
  number of particles is conserved and predicted
  that at sufficiently low temperatures the
  particles would become locked together in the
  lowest quantum state of the system.
• The Bose Einstein condensate has many unusual
  properties

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Bose-Einstein
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• Bose-condensed atoms are "laser-like" - in other
  words, the matter waves of the atoms are
  coherent.
• In these experiments we have succeeded in
  observing coherence directly, and have
  demonstrated a rudimentary "atom laser" that
  generates a beam of coherent atoms. MIT

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• Each photon is the result of Collective
  Orchestration of Space/Time quanta.
• Light is an excitation of empty space proper, of
  the vacuum. It is no more and no less. henning
  gentz, Nothingness, the science of empty space
  pg. 180

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Under the right conditions photons self-organize
The result is a laser beam

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Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue in Quantum Brain
Dynamics and Consciousness1

• A laser is a device that can emit a specific
  form of light in which numerous photons with a
  definite wave number display the same wave motion
  as that of the electro magnetic field. This is
  accomplished by a collective motion of the
  electrons, called the collective mode, in a large
  number of atoms interacting with the
  electromagnetic field. A global harmony or order
  emerges in the matter field and the
  electromagnetic field, that is, electrons and
  photons. ..This is a laser beam.
• Yibu and
  Yasue, Quantum Brain, 1995.

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Examples from Chemistry

• Under favorable conditions molecules
  self-organize
• Result crystals, ice, plasma etc. viruses and
  one cell organism

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• . . . trillions of water molecules spontaneously
  lock themselves into a rigid, symmetrical crystal
  of ice.

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Examples from Biology

• 5. At the level of one cell organisms cells
  cooperate
• Result multi cell organisms with internal
  structure and distinguishable organs, plants and
  simple animals, such as worms and snails

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Examples, cont.

• 6. at the level of multi-cell organisms
• Result complex animals with higher developed
  intelligence, insects

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Examples, cont.

• 7. At the level of insects
• Result Mammals

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Examples, cont.

• 8. At the level of mammals

• Families
• Communities,
• Companies,
• Nations,
• WWW.

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• Such persistent sync comes easily to us human
  beings, and, for some reason, it often gives us
  pleasure. We like to dance together, sing
  together, play in a band.
• Strogatz

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• Pleasure is the driving force for all
  synchronization.
• Just as it is pleasurable for human beings to
  fall into lock step and do things together, so
  perhaps everything else in nature has great fun
  doing things together.
• Pleasure is the innate principle of all natural
  systems.

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Lack of pleasure is death
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Colony Collapse Disorder The Ultimate Threat to
Survival

• All around the world bee colonies are
  disappearing at an alarming rate. In the USA more
  than half the bee hives are gone, swallowed by a
  ghostly decease.
• Individual bees simply fail to return to their
  hives, leaving their home deserted and their
  helpless offspring left to die.

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• Could it be that the underlying cause for this
  disorder is the collapse of the will to survive?
• If it takes passion for an individual to
  cooperate in a communal task and make the group
  succeed, could it not equally be conceivable that
  groups as a whole can loose this enthusiasm and
  give up trying to stay together?

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• Could autism be a colony collapse of a different
  kind and would this knowledge make a difference
  in treatment?

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• Are these signs of an evolution turning against
  itself, unraveling the progress it made over
  billions of years?
• Is Collective Orchestration becoming undone,
  before we even fully understand it?

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• The ancient Egyptians said that in the beginning
  order created itself like a snake body out of
  nothingness.

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• New communities will rise out of the rubble of
  old ones. We have a choice
• Collaborate with each other peacefully,
  constructively and creatively and rise together
  to the next higher level
• or let our communities and colonies collapse to
  make place for new ones.

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