Late Prehistory of the Ohio Valley

1
Late Prehistory of the Ohio Valley

• Fort Ancient Subsistence, Settlement, and Social
  Organization

2
Archaeological Time Periods

• Paleoindian
• 14,000-9,500 BC
• Archaic
• 9,500-500 BC
• Woodland
• 800 BC AD 1000
• Early 800 BC AD 1
• Mid 50 BC AD 500
• Late AD 500 1000

• Late Prehistoric
• AD 1000 1540
• Protohistoric
• AD 1540 1795

3
The Early Woodland PeriodIncreased sedentism and
increased ceremonialism
700 BC to 1 AD
Image provided by Voyageur Media Group website
4
Early Woodland Innovations Gathering of plants
leads to the establishment of cultigens
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
5
Eastern Agricultural Complex
Edible native species were first gathered and
soon cultivated
www.nps.gov
Knotweed
Sunflower
www.cas.sc.edu
Maygrass
www.museum.state.il.us
www.museum.state.il.us
Sumpweed
6
Early Woodland Period Technology
Ceremonial flint blades
Agriculture likely lead to the development of
clay ceramics
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
7
Pottery
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
8
The Middle Woodland Period
50 BC to 500 AD
Image provided by Voyageur Media Group website
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
9
Ceremonialism and Trade
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
10
The Late Woodland Period
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
500 to 1000 AD
Image provided by Voyageur Media Group website
11
Water Plant Site
12
Zencor
13
Late Woodland Settlement Plans
Sabre Farms (From Church and Nass 2002Figure 2.5)
14
Late Woodland Technology
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
15
The Bow and Arrow
800 AD
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
16
The Late Prehistoric Period
1000 to 1540 AD
Image provided by Voyageur Media Group website
Permission provided by Voyaguer Media Group
17
Culture History
Mississippian
Upper Mississippian
From Cook 2008
18
Fort Ancient
Griffin 1966
19
Graybill 1981Map 1
20
Henderson (ed.) 1992
21
Fort Ancient Culture
Photo by Kevin C. Nolan
Photo by Jacob E. Deppen
22
Excavation
Permission provided by Dayton Society of Natural
History
Photo by Kevin C. Nolan
23
Village Plans
SunWatch (From Church and Nass 2002Figure2.15
Permission provided by Dayton Society of Natural
History
24
Village Plans
Philo II (From Church and Nass 2002Figure 2.12)
Killen (From Church and Nass 2002Figure 2.10)
Anderson (From Essenpreis 1982Map 9)
25
Village Plans
Voss (From Church and Nass 2002Figure 2.8)
Voss (From Brady-Rawlins 2007Figure 40)
26
Reinhardt
Nolan et al. 2008Figure 8
Nolan et al. 2008Figure 3
27
Fort Ancient Mounds
From Brady-Rawlins 2007Figures 56-58
28
Regional Mound Characteristics
Miami Valleys
Scioto Valley
From Brady-Rawlins 2007 Figure 60
Northern KY
Eastern Ohio
29
Origins of Maize Agriculture
AD 230
Greenlee 2002Figure 54, 61
Hart 1999Table I, Figure 3
30
-10.55
Greenlee 2002Figure 25
31
Fine-Grained Environmental Data
32
Evolutionary Ecology

• Winterhalder (1986)
• Spatial variability (correlation)
• Temporal variability (standard deviation)
• Kelly (1995)
• Adapted model to groups

33
AD 801-900
34
AD 900-1000
35
AD 1001-1100
36
Pottery Style Regionalism
Anderson/Baum
Feurt
Philo
37
AD 1001-1100
38
AD 1101-1200
A
C
D
F
39
AD 1201-1300
A
C
D
F
40
AD 1301-1400
A
C
D
F
41
Pottery Style Homogenization
42
AD 1401-1500
A
C
D
F
43
AD 1501-1600
A
C
D
F
44
Embracing Variation
From Cook 2008
45

• This project was made possible in part by a
  grant from the U.S. Department of the Interiors
  Historic Preservation Fund, administered by the
  Ohio Historic Preservation Office of the Ohio
  Historic Society
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  assistance should write to Office of Equal
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  National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W.
  Washington, D.C. 20240.