HTML 'htm vs XML 'xml

1
HTML (.htm) vs XML (.xml)

• HTML was designed to display data, and to focus
  on how data looks.
• HTML used a fixed set of tags to tell the browser
  how to display data, eg. ltH1gtlt/H1gt, ltBgtlt/Bgt
• XML was designed to describe data, and to focus
  on what data is.In XML, tags are defined by
  user.

2
An XML example
3
The Anatomy of an XML Document - 1

• The example document consists of two parts the
  prolog and the document (root) elements.
• The prolog consists of the XML declaration line,
  lt?xml version"1.0"?gt, which states this is an
  XML document and gives its version number.
• A comment line is also included. Note that a
  comment begins with the lt!-- comment --gt tag
  pairs.
• The prolog can also contain other optional
  components such as a document type definition,
  or processing instructions.

4
The Anatomy of an XML Document -2

• The document (root) element, indicate the logical
  structure of the document and the documents
  information content.
• It is similar to the BODY element in an HTML
  page, except that you can assign it any legal
  name.
• In our example, the document(root) element is
  INVENTORY, and its content is two nested BOOK
  element.

5
The Anatomy of an XML Document - 3

• Each BOOK element likewise contains a series of
  nested element.
• The name that appears at the beginning of the
  start-tag and in the end-tag is known as the
  element type.

6
The Anatomy of an XML Document - 4

• XML Elements have Relationships
• In the previous slide, TITLE, AUHTOR, BINDING,
  PAGES, and PRICE are child elements of book.
• Book is the parent element of TITLE, AUHTOR,
  BINDING, PAGES, and PRICE.
• TITLE, AUHTOR, BINDING, PAGES, and PRICE
  siblings (or sister elements) because they have
  the same parent.
•  

7
What is XML?

• XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to describe data
• XML tags are not predefined in XML. You must
  define your own tags
• XML uses a Document Type Definition (DTD) or an
  XML Schema to describe the data

8
Well-formed XML Document

• A well-formed ( syntactically correct ) XML
  document is one that conforms to the minimal set
  of rules that allow the processor that allowed
  the document to be processed by a browser.

9
XML Parser

• An XML parser is a program that can process XML
  documents.
• The XML parser reads the XML document, checks its
  syntax, reports any errors that allows
  programmatic access to the documents contents.
• Browsers that support XML have a built in parser.
  For example, IE 5 has embedded the msxml parser.
• If a XML document is not well-formed, an error
  message will be displayed.

10
Some Basic XML Rules

• The document must have exactly one top-level
  element. All other elements must be nested within
  it.
• Elements must be properly nested.
• Each element must have both a start-tag and an
  end-tag
• The element-type name in a start-tag must exactly
  match the name in the name in the corresponding
  end-tag.
• Element-type name are case-sensitive.
• With XML, White Space is Preserved

11
Element Naming

• XML elements must follow these naming rules
• Names can contain letters, numbers, and other
  characters
• Names must not start with a number or punctuation
  character
• Names must not start with the letters xml (or XML
  or Xml ..)
• Names cannot contain spaces
• It is recommended to make names descriptive.
  Names with an underscore separator are nice.
  examples ltfirst_namegt, ltlast_namegt.
• The characters ,lt.gt,, should not be used.

12
Viewing XML Files

• When the XML file does not link to a style sheet,
  the browser will simple display the text of the
  complete document, including both the mark up,
  and the character data.
• IE will also colors-code the different document
  components to help you identify them.
• A plus () or minus sign (-) to the left of the
  elements can be clicked to expand or collapse the
  element structure.
• Do not expect XML files to be formatted like an
  HTML document !

13
Why does XML display like this?

• XML documents do not carry information about how
  to display the data.
• XML tags are "invented" by the author of the XML
  document.
• Browsers do not know how to display the data.

14
Displaying XML with Style Sheet

• With CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) you can add
  display information to an XML document.
• Using our xml_ex1.xml as example, the following
  line is added to the prolog
• lt?xml-stylesheet type"text/css"
  href"Inventory.css"?gt
• Another choice to display XML is by XSL(
  Extensible Stylesheet Language).
• XSL is for more sophisticated than CSS and is the
  preferred style sheet language of XML.
• One way to use XSL is to transform XML into HTML
  before it is displayed by the browser.

15
The Inventory.css File
16
Xm1-ex1.xml with CSS
17
XML Validation

• A "Valid" XML document is a "Well Formed" XML
  document, which also conforms to the rules of a
  Document Type Definition (DTD)
• The purpose of a DTD is to define the legal
  building blocks of an XML document. It defines
  the document structure with a list of legal
  elements
• XML schemas are an emerging alternative for
  validating XML documents.

18
Generating XML with ASP

• To generate an XML response from your server -
  simply write the following code and save it as an
  ASP file on your web server

19
XML Basics

• Elements in XML
• Tags
• Attributes
• Tags
• Enclosed in angle brackets
• e.g.ltTitlegt local service lt/Titlegt
• Attributes
• Convey information
• Text content and Data content
• Two approaches
• ltemployee siteDallasgtmark Nelsonlt/employeegt
• Or
• ltemployeegt
• ltsitegtDallaslt/sitegt
• ltnamegtMark Nelsonlt/namegt
• ltemployeegt

20
Data Type Definition Schema

• Known as DTD
• Give developers the ability to strictly define a
  given XML vocabulary
• Define which tags can be used, where, what type
  of contents
• lt?xml version1.0?gt
• lt!DOCTYPE nematode- catalog System worm.dtd
• XML schema
• To define the syntax of XML
• Cisco has created a schema for the IP Phone XML
• Example
• ltBookgt
• ltTitlegtThe Data compression Book lt/Titlegt
• ltAuthorgtMark Nelsonlt/Authorgt
• ltISBNgt15585 1434lt/ISBNgt
• lt/Bookgt

21
Using XML for IP Phone Service

• XML lets developer create new languages from
  marking up documents
• Tags is matched and nested
• Attribute is defined
• XML document can only have one top-level object
• You can send XML document that define a single
  object
• XML as a tool
• XML is simply as a convenient wrapper for object
  information
• XML objects are generated by backend application
• XML used by Cisco IP Phone service
• A set of tags, attributes, and rules are defined
  in its SDK
• Cisco IP Phone XML Service language

22
Who use XML objects

• objects mean different things to different people
• In Cisco IP phone
• Object entity send from a server to the phone
• Collection of various pieces of text and data
  that the phone uses to perform its behavior
• JavaScript can help to generate XML that can be
  understood by IP Phone
• The firmware of IP Phone has a build-in XML
  parser
• The service output becomes

23
XML object display in a IP Phone

• XML object understood by IP Phone
• IP Phone render the XML object and display on the
  screen

24
XML and IP phones

• XML is a mean (objects) that communicated amongst
  clients and servers
• XML is just one of type definition
• Others HTML, WML etc
• XML provides the horsepower through IP Phone
  object and tags to push contents
• Servers able to push most up-to-minute
  information to IP Phone
• For example weather information, stock
  information
• IP phone services vs. WAP services
• IP phone service
• XML over HTTP (over IP)
• WAP services
• XML over WAP (over GSM)

25
XML object understand by Cisco IP Phone

• CiscoIPPhoneMenu
• CiscoIPPhoneText
• CiscoIPPhoneInput
• CiscoIPPhoneDirectory
• CiscoIPPhoneImage
• CiscoIPPhoneGraphicMenu
• CiscoIPPhoneIconMenu
• CiscoIPPhoneExecute
• CiscoIPPhoneResponse
• CiscoIPPhoneError

26
CiscoIPPhoneMenu

• Build a menu in the phone
• Comprises a list of text items
• Use rocker key and press select soft key

ltCiscoIPPhoneMenugt ltTitlegtTitle
Textlt/Titlegt ltPromptgtPrompt Textlt/Promptgt ltMenuIte
mgt ltNamegtName of item 1lt/Namegt
ltURLgthttp//????? lt/URLgt ltNamegtName of
item Nlt/Namegt ltURLgthttp//?????
lt/URLgt lt/MenuItemgt lt/CiscoIPPhoneMenugt
27
CiscoIPPhoneMenu
collapse
expand
28
CiscoIPPhoneText

• Used to display ordinary 8-bit ASCII text on the
  phone display.

ltCiscoIPPhoneTextgt ltTitlegtTitle
Textlt/Titlegt ltPromptgtPrompt Textlt/Promptgt ltTextgtTh
e text to be displaylt/Textgt ltSoftKeyItemgt
ltNamegtName of item 1lt/Namegt ltURLgthttp//?????
lt/URLgt ltPositiongt lt/Positiongt lt/SoftKeyItemgt lt/
CiscoIPPhoneTextgt
29
CiscoIPPhoneInput

• It constructs an input form and displays it. The
  user then enters data into item and sends the
  parameters to the target URL.

ltCiscoIPPhoneInputgt ltTitlegtTitlelt/Titlegt ltPromptgtP
rompt Textlt/Promptgt ltURLgtTarget
URLlt/URLgt ltInputItemgt ltDisplayNamegtName of
input field displaylt/DisplayNamegt
ltQueryStringParamgtParameter target
URLlt/QueryStringParamgt ltDefaultValuegtDefault
display namelt/Default Valuegt ltInputFlagsgtThe
flag specifying the type of inputlt/InputFlagsgt lt/I
nputItemgt ltSoftKeyItemgt ltNamegtName of item
1lt/Namegt ltURLgthttp//????? lt/URLgt
ltPositiongtPosition of the soft Key
lt/Positiongt lt/SoftKeyItemgt lt/CiscoIPPhoneInputgt
30
CiscoPhoneDirectory

• The phone uses it to support the directory
  operation.

ltCiscoIPPhoneDirectorygt ltDirectoryEntrygt ltNamegtNa
me of Directory Entrylt/Namegt
ltTelephonegtTelephone No. of entrylt/Telephonegt lt/Di
rectoryEntrygt ltSoftKeyItemgt ltNamegtName of item
1lt/Namegt ltURLgthttp//????? lt/URLgt
ltPositiongt lt/Positiongt lt/SoftKeyItemgt lt/CiscoIPPho
neDirectorygt
31
CiscoIPPhoneImage

• Provide bit-mapped display with a 133x65 pixel
  plane. Each pixel has 4 grayscale (ranged from 0
  to 3)

ltCiscoIPPhoneImagegt ltTitlegtTitle
Textlt/Titlegt ltPromptgtlt/Promptgt ltLocationXgtPosition
information of graphiclt/LocationXgt ltLocationYgtPos
ition information of graphiclt/LocationYgt ltWidthgtSi
ze information for graphiclt/Widthgt ltDepthgtNumber
of bits per pixellt/Depthgt ltDatagtPacked Pixel
Datalt/Datagt ltSoftKeyItemgt ltNamegtName of item
1lt/Namegt ltURLgthttp//????? lt/URLgt
ltPositiongt lt/Positiongt lt/SoftKeyItemgt lt/CiscoIPPho
neImagegt
32
CiscoIPPhoneGraphicMenu

• Other IP phones objects are similar
• Key feature of object is that they are built on
  others
• CiscoIPPhoneGraphicMenu
• A menu on the phone comprises a list of text
  items, one per line.
• CiscoIPPhoneImage CiscoIPPhoneMenu
• The rest can be found in the following reference
  book and web sites
• Developing Cisco IP Phone Service
• author, D. Deel, M. Nelson, A.Smith Publisher
  Cisco Press)
• Cisco IP Phone Services Application Development
  Notes
• http//www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/vo
  ice/sw_ap_to/

33
Conclusions

• Advantages of IP Telephony
• IP is an attractive choice for voice
• The widespread availability of IP
• Lower equipment cost compared to circuit switch
• Integrated of voice and data applications
• Successful factors in IP Telephony
• No Delay, Good Voice Quality, Low cost, high
  reliability
• More importantly, value-added service
• More functional IP phone services