Native Americans In South Carolina

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Native Americans In South Carolina
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VOCABULARY
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Prehistory

• The time before people began keeping written
  records we know they exist because their
  remains have been located by scientists

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Anthropologist

• A person who studies the origin and development
  of man (and woman)

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Culture

• Way of Life

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Migrate

• Move from one place to another

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Nomad

• Wanderer

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Projectile Point

• Sharpened Rock

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Ritual

• Ceremony

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Hieroglyphics

• Pictures or symbols used to represent sounds,
  words or ideas

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Palisade

• A fence of pointed stakes that surrounds the
  village.

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35,000 years ago the first Native Americans came
to North America
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They came from Siberia
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They crossed into present day Alaska through the
Bering Strait
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During the Ice Age glaciers formed more dry land,
which allowed the Native Americans to cross
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This land bridge enabled them to follow the
animals they were hunting.
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These people were nomads, or wanderers, who
followed their food.
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Native Americans came to South Carolina 15,000
years later.
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These Native Americans lived in the Coastal
Plains and Piedmont Regions
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They relied on hunting for food.
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They hunted Mammoth,
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Mastodon,
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And Bison.
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The Paleo Indian Era

• Approximately 12,000 Years ago
• Developed projectile points for hunting
  attached to large spears
• Gathered plants for food but did not farm

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Hunting Tools
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Archaic Indian Era

• 10,000 years ago
• The Climate changed at this time making it
  similar to our climate today.
• The mammoth, camel and wild horse disappeared

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Hunting

• The Native Americans in the Archaic Era used
  smaller spears which they threw at their prey

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The change in climate and available food caused a
change in diet
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They began hunting smaller animals, like raccoon,
turkey and deer.
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This change in diet allowed them to become more
settled

• They did not have to travel to hunt herding
  animals
• Hunting was more localized their food wandered
  over a small area.

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During the end of the Archaic Era, the Native
Americans began making pottery.
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Pottery enabled them to store food that they
caught or gathered.?This also gave them a
reason to settle in an area no reason to move
around.
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The Native Americans later began forming villages.
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Woodland Indian Era

• Began in 1000B.C.
• Villages Began in this era
• Permanent Settlements

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During this era, Native Americans began
cultivating crops
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By 200 B.C. maize, or corn, was their primary crop
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Population grew also
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The Native Americans in Woodland Era made two
types of pottery

• South of Edisto River Wooden paddle to make
  impressions into the clay
• North of Edisto River Cords or fabric to make
  impressions in the clay.

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Mississippian Indian Era

• 700 B.C.
• Farming became more advanced - Corn, beans,
  squash and pumpkins were the primary crops
• The formation of villages was common

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In the villages were large mounds - these mounds
had two purposes
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1. Burial Mound
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2. Public Building or Chieftain's home
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At the foot of the mounds were usually a place to
perform rituals and play games
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These Native Americans had a highly organized
society
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The Native Americans were also concerned about
securing their villages from enemies
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They constructed palisades around their villages
for protection
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Copper ornaments, weapons, wooden carvings and
hieroglyphics were common during this era.
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Each tribe had a specific social and political
order

• Women held high status in these tribes
• Many tribes structured families around the
  mothers side
• The role of chief was usually male

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