GOAL: To advance our understanding of the structure and functioning of the global ocean ecosystem, i

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GOAL To advance our understanding of the
structure and functioning of the global ocean
ecosystem, its major subsystems, and its response
to physical forcing so that a capability can be
developed to forecast the responses of the marine
ecosystem to global change.
Manuel Barange, GLOBEC IPO. Plymouth Marine
Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
M.barange_at_pml.ac.uk, www.globec.org
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GLOBECs Objectives

• 1- To better understand how multiscale
  physical-environmental processes force
  large-scale changes in marine ecosystems
• 2- To determine the relationship between
  structure and dynamics in a variety of oceanic
  systems which typify significant components of
  the global ocean ecosystem
• 3- To determine the impacts of global change on
  stock dynamics using couple physical, chemical
  and biological models linked to appropriate
  observation systems
• 4- To determine how changing marine ecosystems
  will affect the global earth system by
  identifying and quantifying feedback mechanisms

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GLOBEC FOCUSES ON ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE

• underpinned by the belief that understanding the
  role of variability in the function of marine
  ecosystems is essential to effectively manage
  global marine living resources
• focused primarily on the interactions between
  zooplankton and their predators (fish and fish
  larvae) and the role of physical forcing on these

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YET ASPIRES TO BE POLICY RELEVANT
Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in
the Marine Ecosystem (FAO 2001) signed by over
100 fishing nations and committing them to
undertake research in pursue of
Ecosystem-Based-Fisheries-Management we will
undertake to... ...identify and describe the
structure, components and functioning of relevant
marine ecosystems, diet composition and food
webs, species interactions and predator-prey
relationships, the role of habitat and the
biological, physical and oceanographic factors
affecting ecosystem stability and resilience (in
other words GLOBEC research)
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USA Canada Mexico Peru Chile Brazil Angola Namibia
South Africa Morocco Mauritania Senegal Australia
New Zealand New Caledonia Japan Korea China Russi
a Ukraine Turkey Spain Portugal Italy Germany Fran
ce UK Netherlands Denmark Norway
Countries participating in GLOBEC activities at
national or Regional level
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GLOBEC STRUCTURE
GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee

• REGIONAL PROGRAMMES
• PICES-GLOBEC Climate Change and Carrying
  Capacity
• ICES-GLOBEC Cod and
• Climate Change
• Southern Ocean GLOBEC
• Small Pelagic fish And Climate Change (SPACC)
• In preparation
• - Large Pelagics
• - Sub-Arctic Ecosystems

• RESEARCH FOCI
• Retrospective Analysis Working Group
• Process Studies WG
• Prediction and Modelling WG
• Feedback from Ecosystem Changes WG

GLOBEC International Project Office
National / Multinational Activities
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Cod and Climate Change Programme (ICES-CCC)
The central question is the effect of climate
variability on cod stock fluctuations, ranging
from the effects of small-scale turbulence on
encounter rates between fish larvae and their
prey, to large-scale effects of inter-decadal
changes in wind fields on circulation and
transport of heat and young fish.
Chairperson Ken Drinkwater (Canada)/ Geir
Ottersen (Norway) Coordinator Keith Brander
(ICES)
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Climate Change and Carrying Capacity (PICES-CCCC)
This activity is directed at studying the effects
of climate variations on the marine ecosystem of
the oceanic and coastal regions of the subarctic
Pacific, and in particular the food webs.
1970
1979
1974
Chairperson Hal Batchelder (USA) / Makoto
Kashiwai (Japan) Coordination PICES Secretariat
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Southern Ocean Programme (SO-GLOBEC)
This programme is focused on understanding how
physical and biological factors affect growth,
reproduction and survivorship of Antarctic
species (krill and its predators), particular in
winter.
Chairperson Eileen Hoffman (USA) Coordination
SO Planning Office (USA)
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Small Pelagic Fishes and Climate Change (SPACC)
The long-range goal is to forecast how the
productivity of small pelagic fish populations
will be altered by climate variability and
change. SPACC will involve process studies, based
on comparisons of standard measurements from
different ecosystems, and retrospective studies
built around palaeoecological and genetic data.
Chairpersons Claude Roy (South Africa)/ Dave
Checkley (USA)
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GLOBEC STRUCTURE
GLOBEC Scientific Steering Committee

• REGIONAL PROGRAMMES
• PICES-GLOBEC Climate Change and Carrying
  Capacity
• ICES-GLOBEC Cod and
• Climate Change
• Southern Ocean GLOBEC
• Small Pelagic fish And Climate Change (SPACC)
• In preparation
• - Large Pelagics
• - Sub-Arctic Ecosystems

• RESEARCH FOCI
• Retrospective Analysis Working Group
• Process Studies WG
• Prediction and Modelling WG
• Feedback from Ecosystem Changes WG

GLOBEC International Project Office
National / Multinational Activities
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FOCUS 1 WG Retrospective analysis and time
series studies

• Preservation of existing long time series and
  data
• e.g. Support for on-going time series programmes
• Analyses of existing retrospective data
• e.g. Retrospective analysis of atmospheric,
  physical, chemical and biological data.
• e.g. Dissemination of new statistical analysis
  techniques.
• Creation of new, retrospective data sets
• e.g. Development of new paleoceanographic data
  sets
• e.g. Genetic analyses of historical samples
• Development of new data sets for future
  comparisons

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FOCUS 2 WG Process Studies

• Research on life-histories and trophodynamics and
  their modelling in ecosystems
• e.g. zooplankton reproduction, growth and
  mortality
• e.g. zooplankton-fish interactions
• Identification and understanding of multiscale
  physical-biological interactions
• e.g. Ocean physics and basic biological processes
• e.g. large and mesoscale physical-biological
  interactions
• Responses of marine ecosystems to fishing and
  species introductions
• e.g. Impacts of fishing

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FOCUS 3 WG Predictive and modelling capabilities

• Design and testing of relevant sampling and
  observational systems
• e.g. design new acoustical, video and optical
  observational systems, and explore uses of
  biotechnology for species identification
• Develop relevant modelling capabilities
• e.g. Developed coupled physical-biological models
  at regional and basin-scale.
• e.g. Develop data assimilation techniques for
  ecosystem models
• Development of coupled modelling-observational
  capabilities and applications
• e.g. links with GOOS

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FOCUS 4 WG Feedbacks from changes in marine
ecosystem structure

• Ecosystem-Climate interactions on multiple scales
  and their influences on basic biological
  processes throughout the food web
• e.g. influence of climate and weather events on
  physical and biological processes in the ocean
• Earth system impacts from changes in marine
  ecosystems
• e.g. changes in ecosystem structure and
  biogeochemical pathways resulting from global
  change
• Social impacts of changes in marine ecosystems
• e.g. Applications of ecosystem information to
  management of resources