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World History Chapter 1

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... shed light on the Stone Age period that began 2.5 million ... During the New Stone Age (ended 4k years ago), new technology and survival techniques emerged. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: World History Chapter 1


1
World HistoryChapter 1
  • EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION
  • MR. HOLGUIN

2
Chapter Objectives
  • Students will be able to describe how
    anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and
    geographers study prehistory.
  • Students will be able to identify major
    achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon
    peoples.
  • Students will be able to explain changes caused
    by the Neolithic agricultural revolution.

3
Objectives Continued
  • Students will be able to list 3 main
    characteristics shared by civilization.
  • Students will be able to explain the other 2
    characteristics that may be shared by
    civilizations.
  • Students will be able to describe the other
    characteristics and achievements that marked the
    first river valley civilizations.

4
Early Humans 101
  • Hominids- Human and earlier human like forms.
  • Artifacts- Objects made by or altered by early
    humans.
  • Culture- A set of beliefs, values, and patterns
    of living among a group of people.
  • Limited Evidence- Artifacts can only give so much
    information.

5
Notable Anthropologists
  • Donald Johanson- Discovered the bones of an
    early hominid Lucy in 1974 in Ethiopia
  • Lucy is a hominid from the group australopithecus

6
More Scientists
  • Mary Leakey discovered similar skeletons in the
    late 1970s in Tanzania.
  • Her findings shed light on the Stone Age period
    that began 2.5 million years ago.
  • The Old Stone age ended only 12,000 years ago.

7
Early Humans
  • The earliest humans changed from gathering food
    to migrating and hunting.
  • Between 100k and 400k years ago, Homo sapiens
    developed in Africa

8
Ice Age
  • Over the last 1.7 million years there have been
    Ice Ages.
  • When waters froze, early humans could migrate to
    new regions over ice bridges.
  • Humans learned to make clothes and endure the
    cold.

9
Neanderthals
  • They Lived 35k to 130k years ago in caves in
    Europe and Asia.
  • They were strong tool makers and buried their
    dead.
  • They may have believed in an afterlife.
  • They died out for uncertain reasons.

10
Cro-Magnon Man
  • Lived 35k years ago in Europe and were excellent
    tool users.
  • Left behind many paintings and drawings of
    hunting and everyday life.
  • At 10k years ago, distinct differences between
    species no longer existed.

11
Agricultural Revolution
  • During the New Stone Age (ended 4k years ago),
    new technology and survival techniques emerged.
  • Nomads began settling in single regions
  • People developed agriculture raising crops
  • Domestication of animals developed.
  • The period between 9000 BC and 5000 BC is known
    as the Neolithic agricultural revolution

12
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13
CIVILIZATION
  • A civilization is a complex culture that shows 3
    distinct characteristics

14
1. Surplus Food and Irrigation
  • A water source must be controlled to irrigate the
    crops used to feed the people.
  • Extra food must be saved incase of emergencies.

15
2. Cities, Government, and Labor
  • Division of labor- work is divided into
    specialized tasks where one person is responsible
    for one job.
  • Traders promoted Cultural Diffusion, where ideas
    and goods are spread from one region to another.

16
3. Use of Metals
  • People began making tools with copper and
    progressed to bronze and finally iron.
  • It is not known when people developed the long
    process of forging iron.

17
4. Family and Religion
  • The family developed as a unit with each member
    expected to complete certain tasks.
  • People believed in many different gods and
    goddesses that dictated how people lived.

18
5. Technology and Timekeeping
  • Several civilizations have developed calendars
    that are astonishingly accurate.
  • The improvement of medicine is also a reoccurring
    theme in the emergence of civilization.
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