GIS Applications in Civil Engineering Carolyn J' Merry Dept' of Civil

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GIS Applications in Civil EngineeringCarolyn
J. MerryDept. of Civil Environmental
Engineering Geodetic ScienceCollege of
Engineeringmerry.1_at_osu.edu
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Civil Engineering Applications

• Transportation
• Watershed analysis
• Remote sensing

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Location-Allocation

• Finding a subset of locations from a set of
  potential or candidate locations that best serve
  some existing demand so as minimize some cost
• Locate sites to best serve allocated demand
• Application areas are warehouse location, fast
  food locations, fire stations, schools

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Location-Allocation Inputs

• Customer or demand locations
• Potential site locations and/or existing
  facilities
• Street network or Euclidean distance
• The problem to solve

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Location-Allocation Outputs

• The best sites
• The optimal allocation of demand locations to
  those sites
• Lots of statistical and summary information about
  that particular allocation

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Initial Configuration
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Available Sites
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Final Configuration
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Vehicle Routing
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Synergy between spatial data and analysis

• Imagine you are a national retailer
• You need warehouses to supply your outlets
• You do not wish the warehouses to be more than
  1000 km from any outlet

(Example from Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Demand (population density)
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Possible Candidate Sites?
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Feasible Candidate Sites
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Optimal One Site
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Optimal Two Sites
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Optimal Six Sites
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Optimal Nine Sites
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Coverage vs. Distance
(From Jay Sandhu, ESRI)
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Other Transportation Applications

• Planning locating new roadway corridors

(from NCRST-E)
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Transportation Emergency Operations

• Transportation maps are critical
• Disaster response plans can be developed
• Outside computer models used for advance warnings
• Land use maps enhance emergency operations

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Evacuation scenario
(1 exit route)
(2 exit routes)
(from NCRST-H)
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Watershed Characterization

• Relate physical characteristics to water quality
  quantity
• Data land use land cover, geology, soils,
  hydrography topography related to
  hydrological properties

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Watershed Applications

• Estimate the magnitude of high-flow events, the
  probability of low-flow events
• Determine flood zones
• Identify high-potential erosion areas
• For example, BASINS, HEC-RAS, MIKE11 models
  integrated with GIS

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Cross sections
Boundary conditions
? cross sections ? assumed cross sections ?
boundary conditions
? gaging station ? water treatment plant ?
wastewater treatment plant
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03231500
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Slope Stability Analysis

• Derive physical characteristics
• area, perimeter, flow path length, maximum width,
  average closing angle, watershed topology, soil
  data
• Derive watershed characteristics
• watershed boundaries, drainage network, slope
  aspect maps

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Portage River Basin, Ohio
DEM with drainage network
Watersheds
Land use
Hydrologic models USGS empirical
method TR55 Area- Discharge method ADAPT model
Soils types
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Remote Sensing

• Image backdrop
• Source of information on
• land use/land cover
• vegetation type, distribution, condition
• surface waters
• river networks
• geomorphology
• monitor change

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1984 Land Use Map
Land use Water 249.43
km2 Urban 1348.53 Km2 Forest
10700.92 km2 Agriculture 17780.62
km2 Pasture 175.50 km2 Grass
2609.45 km2
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1999 Land Use Map
Land use Water 268.74
km2 Urban 2312.35 Km2 Forest
11182.39 km2 Agriculture 16675.65
km2 Pasture 1308.23km2 Grass
1518.18 km2
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Urban Area Change from 1984 - 1999
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MSS data - 19 Jun 75
MSS data - 1 Aug 86
TM data - 22 Jun 92
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Stream Water Quality in the Maumee River Basin
Maumee River Basin
9 Landsat-7 images over the Waterville station in
the Maumee River Basin were selected. A 3-by-3
pixel window over the Waterville station for each
date was converted to reflectance values. A
least squares regression was used to correlate
these reflectance values with USGS ground data
on suspended sediment concentration collected at
the Waterville station.
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Suspended Sediment Concentration Model
Waterville Station Maumee River Basin, Ohio
() Proposed Equation
r
Ln(Y) -0.125 1.39Ln(B2) 1.03Ln(B3/B4)
84.1
Y Predicted Suspended Sediment Concentration
(mg/L) B1,B2,B3,B4 Reflectance () in ETM
Bands 1,2,3,4
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14 May 2000 (62)
27 March 2000 (56)
19 September 2000 (81)
1 July 2000 (45)
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Example Applications

• Links to websites
• The District
• Urban development
• Lake Superior
• Rutgers University
• OhioView