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American animation. Early Disney, Ub Iwerks and contemporaries. Avant-garde and abstract film

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1992 Academy Awards for his lifetime achievement in animation. ... three Academy Awards and has received countless awards and distinctions ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: American animation. Early Disney, Ub Iwerks and contemporaries. Avant-garde and abstract film


1
American animation.Early Disney, Ub Iwerks and
contemporaries.Avant-garde and abstract film
Ub Iwerks Walt Disney John Hubley Chuck
Jones Douglas Crockwell Dwinell Grant Oskar
Fischinger
2
Douglas Crockwell (1904-1980?)
  • 1904 born in Columbus, Ohio
  • Work as a highly competent and conscientious
    commercial illustrator
  • 1907-1932 The family lived in St. Louis1929-33
    Developed award winning "Men At Work" series1931
    start making films1932 moved to Glenn Falls, New
    York1946 Glen Falls Sequence
  • 1949 Motion Painting No 1
  • 1947 Long Bodies

3
Douglas Crockwell (1904-1980?)
4
Douglas Crockwell (1904-1980?)
5
Douglas Crockwell (1904-1980?)
6
Douglas Crockwell (1904-1980?)
7
Dwinell Grant (1912-1991)
  • 1924 studied landscape painting
  • 1931 Dayton Art Institute
  • 1933 National Academy of Design in New York
  • 1935 instructor in art and director of dramatics
    at Wittenberg College in Ohio.
  • 1938 moved to New York and began working at the
    Guggenheim with the support of Hilla Rebay
  • made several experimental films, including
    Contrathemis, an eight-minute, animated
    production, for which he did some four thousand
    drawings.
  • 1940 Composition 1
  • 1941 Composition 2
  • 1943 Color Sequence
  • 1945 Composition 4 (Three Themes In Variation)

8
Dwinell Grant (1912-1991)
9
Dwinell Grant (1912-1991)
10
Dwinell Grant (1912-1991)
11
Dwinell Grant (1912-1991)
12
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
1900 born in the German town of Gelnhausen, the
fourth of six children. 1921 met the theater
critic Bernhard Diebold, who introduced
Fischinger to the work and personage of Walter
Ruttmann, a pioneer in abstract film. Inspired by
Ruttmann's work, Fischinger began experimenting
with colored liquids and three-dimensional
modeling materials such as wax and clay.
13
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
1924 hired by American entrepreneur Louis Seel
to produce satirical cartoons that tended toward
mature audiences. Made abstract films trying new
and different techniques, including the use of
multiple projectors. 1927 depart Munich for
Berlin. Taking only his essential equipment, he
walked 350 miles through the countryside,
shooting single frames that became a film in
itself "Walking from Munich to Berlin. 1928
set up a studio on Friedrichstrasse doing the
special effects for various films.
14
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
15
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
1928 hired to work on Fritz Lang's space epic
Frau im Mond experimented with charcoal-on-paper
animation a series of abstract Studies that were
synchronized to popular and classical music. The
Studies were well-received at art theaters and
many were distributed to first-run theatres
throughout Europe. 1927 Studie Nr. 5 screened
at the "Congress for Colour-Music Research"
1931 Universal Pictures purchased distribution
rights to Studie Nr. 5 for the American public,
and Studie Nr. 7 screened as a short with a
popular movie in Berlin. 1930s Muratti Greift
Ein (Muratti Gets in the Act), and Kreise
(Circles) 1935 Komposition in Blau 1936 moved
to Hollywood where he was given an office at
Paramount, German-speaking secretaries, an
English tutor, and a weekly salary of 250. With
no immediate assignment, Fischinger sketched and
painted.
16
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
17
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
1937 Allegretto, tightly synchronized to Ralph
Rainger's "Radio Dynamics." All Fischinger's
filmmaking attempts in America suffered
difficulties. An Optical Poem to Liszt's "Second
Hungarian Rhapsody" for MGM, but received no
profits due to studio bookkeeping systems.
"Toccata and Fugue" to Bach Bach's
"Brandenburg Concert No. 3" Radio Dynamics
1949 Motion Painting No. 1 won the Grand Prix
at the Brussels International Experimental Film
Competition 1984 Olympiad of Animation's list of
the world's greatest films 1950 invented the
Lumigraph, (patented in 1955) which others have
called a type of color organ.
18
Oscar Fischinger (1900-1967)
1964 the Lumigraph was used in the science
fiction film Time Travelers, in which it became a
'love machine' . Today the instrument is
displayed at Deutsches Filmmuseum in Frankfurt,
and is still played occasionally.
19
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1901 born in Chicago Illinois, one of five
children. Studied art and photography at the
McKinley High School in Chicago. 1918 joined the
Red Cross and was sent overseas to France, where
he spent a year driving an ambulance and
chauffeuring Red Cross officials.
20
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
Ub Iwerks (1901-1971)
1920 worked for Kansas City Film Ad company
making one-minute, black and white commercials.
Met Ub Iwerks and started a small company called
Laugh-O-Grams. 1923 Laugh-O-Grams fell bankrupt.
With his suitcase, and twenty dollars, Walt
headed to Hollywood with Iwerks and his brother
Roy. After making a success of his "Alice
Comedies," Walt became a recognized Hollywood
figure.
21
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1928 silent Plan Crazy and Gallopin Gaucho with
Mickey Mouse 1928 Steamboat Willie with dialog
22
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1932 Flowers and Trees (the first color cartoon)
won Walt the first of his studio's Academy
Awards. Special agreement with Technicolor.
23
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1937 The Old Mill, the first short subject to
utilize the multi-plane camera technique. 1937
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first
full-length animated musical feature. Generated
1,499,000 during the depths of the
Depression. 1938-1943 Walt Disney Studios
completed other full-length animated classics
such as Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi.
24
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1955 Disneyland Park
25
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1955 Disneyland Park
26
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
1954 began television production and was among
the first to present full-color programming with
his Wonderful World of Color in 1961. The Walt
Disney Company, today has annual revenues of
approximately US 30 billion.
27
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
"We allow no geniuses around our Studio. "I
never called my work an 'art' It's part of show
business, the business of building
entertainment. "People still think of me as a
cartoonist, but the only thing I lift a pen or
pencil for these days is to sign a contract, a
check, or an autograph. I dream that one of my
pictures ended up in an art house and I wake up
shaking It is culturally blind not to see that
Disney was a forceful and, in his special way,
imaginative worker in.the American business
tradition. The only fitting honour to be paid him
is to associate him firmly with it, and not with
some artistic tradition what was fundamentally
alien to him. Richard Stickel
28
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
  1. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, 1937.2.
    Pinocchio, 1940.3. Fantasia, 1940.4. Dumbo,
    1941.5. Bambi, 1942.6. Saludos Amigos, 1943.7.
    The Three Caballeros, 1945.8. Make Mine Music,
    1946.9. Fun and Fancy Free, 1947.10. Melody
    Time, 1948.11. The Adventures of Icabod and Mr.
    Toad, 1949.12. Cinderella, 1950.13. Alice In
    Wonderland, 1951.14. Peter Pan, 1953.15. Lady
    And The Tramp, 1955.16. Sleeping Beauty,
    1959.17. 101 Dalmations, 1961.18. The Sword And
    The Stone, 1963.19. The Jungle Book, 1967.20.
    The Aristocats, 1970.

29
Walt Disney (1901-1966)
21. Robin Hood, 1973.22. The Many Adventures Of
Winnie The Pooh, 1977.23. The Rescuers,
1977.24. The Fox And The Hound, 1981.25. The
Black Cauldron, 1985.26. The Great Mouse
Detective, 1986.27. Oliver Company, 1988.28.
The Little Mermaid, 1989. After The Little
Mermaid, Walt Disney Productions switched from
hand drawing and painting their animation to a
new computerized system, called "CAPS,"which
stands for Computerized Animation Production
System. 29. The Rescuers Down Under, 1990.30.
Beauty And The Beast, 1991.31. Aladdin,
1992.32. The Lion King, 1994.33. Pocahontas,
1995.34. The Hunchback Of Notre Dame, 1996.35.
Hercules, 1997.36. Mulan, 1998.37. Tarzan,
1999. (Released June 18th, 1999)
30
UPA- United Productions of America
1943 formed by Stephen Bosustow, John Hubley,
Bill Hurtz, Pete Burness after leaving Disney as
a reaction of highly individual artists seeking
more freedom for creative expression. Variety of
styles Artists leading Independency Moving
from realism to a more appropriate cartoon
medium Animation that defied logic and reality
for the sake of art
Columbia - Charles Mintz Krazy Kat Twentieth
Century Fox- Paul Terry Universal Walter
Lantz Vitaphone (Warner Brothers) Chuck Jones
Looney Tunes M-G-M
31
John Hubley (1914-1977)
1914 born in Wisconsin. 1936 worked at the Walt
Disney Studios painting backgrounds and layouts
for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. He described
his training as a great Renaissance workshop,
where the apprentices learned from the masters.
an art director at Disney and designed layouts
for Pinocchio, Bambi, Dumbo and the "Rites of
Spring" sequence in Fantasia.1941 quit Disney
Studios
32
John Hubley (1914-1977)
1942 the U.S. government formed 18th Air Force
Base Unit, also known as the First Motion Picture
Unit (FMPU) in Culver City, California, to
produce films used to train the troops during
World War II. The animation unit produced
hundreds of training films on a continuous
schedule. John Hubley, enlisted in the Army and
was assigned to the FMPU. The style that Hubley
developed through his work at the FMPU was
considered revolutionary. 1943 many ex-Disney
artists regrouped at the new studio United
Productions of America (UPA), where Hubley was a
founder.
33
John Hubley (1914-1977)
1947 the FBI began their quest to find Americans
with Communist leanings. Hubley had been a
political activist throughout his career. He'd
participated in Hollywood stirikes and made films
for labor unions. He and Bill Hurtz created the
storyboard for Hell Bent for Election, made for
the United Auto Workers and the CIO for the
Roosevelt campaign. His political leanings made
him an easy target of the House Un-American
Activities Committee (HUAC), and Walt Disney, a
staunch anti-union conservative, had been a
primary force in the blacklist. Columbia Studios,
which commissioned UPA, was pressured by the
Committee to supply them with a list of people
who would be forced to leave UPA. Those who were
named and those who refused to talk were
blacklisted from the community. 1955 Hubley
initially refused to testify, and when he did
testify a year later, he refused to name names.
Following his testimony, Hubley was blacklisted.
He began work on the animated version of
Finian's Rainbow, with voices by Frank Sinatra
and Ella Fitzgerald. When it was discovered that
Hubley was directing the project, the backers
pulled out their money and the project was
summarily shut down.
34
John Hubley (1914-1977)
1956 moved his independent animation studio
Storyboard from Los Angeles to New York City. He
used the name Storyboard because he couldn't use
his own name and the studio did animated
television commercials. Commercials were
anonymous, so he was able to work. There he and
his wife Faith worked on commissioned projects
and produced 21 films together, three of which
were Academy Award-winners. 1977 died during
heart surgery
35
Chuck Jones (1912-2002)
1912 born in Spokane Washignton. 1932 graduated
from Chouinard Art Institute (now California
Institute of the Arts.)
36
Chuck Jones (1912-2002)
1936-1962 worked at the Leon Schlesinger Studio,
later sold to Warner Bros., as an animator
assigned to Tex Avery's animation unit. 1938
directed his first animated film "The Night
Watchman. 1955 worked on Sleeping Beauty at
Disney Studios 1966 Head of the animation
division at MGM Studios 1966 directed one of the
most memorable holiday television specials ever
produced -- "Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole
Christmas." Was met with glowing reviews from
newspapers across the country and has since
become one of the most beloved holiday programs
on television.
37
Chuck Jones (1912-2002)
38
Chuck Jones (1912-2002)
1957 "What's Opera, Doc?" 1992 Academy Awards
for his lifetime achievement in animation. over
300 animated films in his career three Academy
Awards and has received countless awards and
distinctions exhibited at more than 150
galleries and museums throughout the world
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