GEOL 751: Carbonate Petrography University of South Carolina Spring 2005

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GEOL 751 Carbonate PetrographyUniversity of
South CarolinaSpring 2005
Professor Chris Kendall EWS 304 kendall_at_sc.edu
777.2410
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Precipitated Cements Diagenesis of Carbonates

• Limestones Dolomites
• Tango!

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C. G. St. C. Kendall
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C. G. St. C. Kendall
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Carbonate Cement Fabrics

• Crust or rims coat grains
• Syntaxial overgrowth optical continuity with
  skeletal fabric
• Echinoid single crystals
• Brachiopod multiple crystals
• Blocky equant - final void fill

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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Carbonate Cement Fabrics
Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall after RL Folk
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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After James
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After James
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After James
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C. G. St. C. Kendall
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Belize Reef - Cementation
Botryoidal Aragonite Marine Cement
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Belize Reef - Cementation
Botryoidal Aragonite Marine Cement
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Eniwetok Atoll Pleistocene
Isopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Eniwetok Atoll Pleistocene
Isopachus Marine Aragonite Cement
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Marine Cement Fabrics - Aragonite
Needles Magnesium Calcite Blades
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Isopachus Marine Cement
After James
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After James
Isopachus Marine Cement
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Eniwetok Marshal Islands
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Dry Canyon Almagordo, NMx
Stromotactis Cavity
Internal Sediment
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
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Encrusting Renalcis
Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Amphipora
Internal Sediment
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Encrusting Renalcis
Amphipora
Internal Sediment
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Renalcis Drape
Internal Sediment
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Amphipora Core
Cement Fill
Renalcis Drape
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Cement Fill
Renalcis Drape
Amphipora Core
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Eniwetok Pleistocene
Isopachus Calcite Cement
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Final Cement Fill
Brchiopod Core
Isopachus Marine Cement
Renalcis Drape
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Isopachus Marine Cement
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge
Isopachus Marine Cement
Renalcis Drape
Isopachus Marine Cement
Spongue
Internal Sediment
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Renalcis Drape
Final Cement Fill
Isopachus Marine Cement
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge - Pilara
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After Phil Playford
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Isopachus Marine Cement
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Canning Basin Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Amphipora Core
Final Cement Fill
Isopachus Marine Cement
Sediment Fill
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After Phil Playford
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Isopachus Marine Cement
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Meniscus Cement
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Arab D Jurassic
Pendent Cement
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Eniwetok Atoll Pleistocene
Halimeda
Isopachus Cement FW after Marine?
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Seven Rivers-Permian-Marine Cavity
CementsSediment
Pendent Cement
Internal Sediment
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Seven Rivers-Permian-Marine Cavity
CementsSediment
Pendent Cement
Internal Sediment
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After James
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Settings of Carbonate Diagenesis-Flow Chart
After James
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Ooids - Calcite Fresh Water Cement
Meniscus Cement
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Ooids Aragonite Dissolution
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Radial Ooids Marine Cement
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Gastropod Test Preserved
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Gastropod Aragonite Marine Cement
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Gastropod Dissolution of Test Starts
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Gastropod Solution Ghost of Test
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Gastropod Cement Fill of Test
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Pleistocene Eniwetok
Isopachus Cement
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Tertiary Fusilinids
Isopachus Marine Cement
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Guadalupian West Texas
Fusulinid
Isopachus Marine Cement
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After James
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Evaporation of mixed Waters
Influx of Magnesium Rich Continental Ground
Waters
Influx of sea water
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Smackover Jurassic
Dolomitized Ooids
Dissolved Ooids
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Smackover Alabama
Dolimite Rhombs
Note Ghosts Of Grains
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Carbonate Porosity - After Choquette Pray
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Smackover Alabama
Blue Epoxy
Ooid Cortex collapse
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Ooid Dissolution with Burial
Ooid Dissolution
Ooid Dissolution
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Ooid Cortex Collapse with Burial
Ooid Collapse
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C. G. St. C. Kendall
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After James
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Stylolites
Two-dimensional cross-sectonal views of

• Dissolution seam(A),
• Stylolite (B),
• Highly serrate stylolite (C)
• Deformed stylolite (D).

A few grains are shown schematically to emphasize
the change in scale from the previous figure

(after Bruce Railsback)
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Stylolites
Intergranular contacts as seen in thin section

• Tangential (A)
• flattened (B)
• concavo-convex (C)
• sutured (D) (after
  Bruce Railsback)

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Stylolites
After Bruce Railsback
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Stylolites

• After Bruce Railsback

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Lecture Conclusions

• Photosynthesis, warm temperatures low pressures
  in shallow water enhance carbonate distribution
• Carbonate cementation takes place in the
  depositional setting
• Carbonate cementation takes place from water
  pumped by tides, waves and evaporation of sea
  water
• CCD controls dissolution of carbonate and its
  recirculation as a cement
• Most diagenesis, dolomitization, cementation of
  carbonates takes place at the near surface
  trace elements can be used in this determination
• Carbonate cementation and diagenesis can take
  place through the burial cycle
• Mineralogy fabric of cements varies with
  setting and mineralogy of the substrate
• Stylolites develop through burial
  solution/compaction

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End of the Lecture

• Lets go for lunch!!!