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Chapter Ten: Performance

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To escape the light, the cockroach had to run down the tube and into a darkened box at the end. IV: Presence or absence of other cockroaches ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter Ten: Performance


1
Chapter Ten Performance
  • William P. Wattles, Ph. D.
  • Francis Marion University

2
Social Facilitation
  • Improvement in task performance when people work
    in the presence of others

3
Social Facilitation
  • Social Facilitation The process whereby the
    presence of other people
  • 1) enhances performance on easy tasks (dominant
    responses) but,
  • 2) impairs performance on difficult tasks
    (non-dominant responses).

4
Dominant Response
  • The reaction elicited most quickly and easily by
    a given situation
  • A well- practiced response

5
Non-dominant response
  • An unpracticed response

6
Zajonc Cockroach experiment 1
  • Cockroach placed in a tube with a bright light at
    one end. To escape the light, the cockroach had
    to run down the tube and into a darkened box at
    the end.
  • IV Presence or absence of other cockroaches
  • DV Speed of escape Results Cockroaches were
    faster to escape when other cockroaches were
    present.

7
Zajonc Cockroach experiment 2
  • The cockroach had to turn a corner to escape the
    bright light. Results Cockroaches slower to
    complete task when other cockroaches present.

8
Coaction tasks
  • Working go the same task with another person
    present.

9
Audience Task
  • Individual performs a task in front of an audience

10
Compresence Hypothesis
  • Mere presence of others enhances performance
  • Presence of others of our species is important

11
Evaluation apprehension
  • People feel anxious when being evaluated by
    others.

12
Performance and anxiety
  • Yerkes-Dodson curve
  • Adaptive anxiety helps people prepare, practice,
    and rehearse
  • Maladaptive anxiety causes distress and
    dysfunction

13
Distraction-conflict Theory
  • Performance decreases caused by distraction of
    attending to others.

14
Task Demands
  • Combination processes dictated by group and
    problem

15
Additive Tasks
  • Tasks that can be completed by adding together
    individual inputs.
  • Group usually exceeds individual.

16
Disjunctive task
  • Group must generate a single solution.
  • Groups usually outperform individuals

17
Conjunctive task
  • Task not completed until slowest member finishes.

18
Discretionary Task
  • A task that can be completed using many different
    combinations.

19
Unitary Task
  • No subtasks exist

20
Divisible Task
  • Subtasks can be identified

21
The End
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