The Baroque Era

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The Baroque Era
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What is Baroque?
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What is Baroque?

• Flamboyant
• Theatrically religious
• Extravagant
• Irregularly shaped ornamentation

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Why was Baroque so extravagant??
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Why was Baroque so extravagant??

• CC still a patron of the arts
• Wanted religious themes expressed visually
• Wanted to impress, OVERWHELM, and draw emotion
  from the viewer
• Expressed experience of the soul

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Architectural features

• Seen in palaces and churches
• Exuberant curves
• Ornate decoration
• Cluttered with fancy marble altars

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Architectural features

• Statues everywhere
• Golden cherubs
• Colorful murals
• Ceiling paintings
• Church of the Gesu in Rome (same Church
  Ignatius is buried)
• The Mother Church of the Jesuits

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Loyolas Tomb built between 1695 and 1700
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Loyola accepting his New Order from Pope Paul III
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Baroque and Catholic Reformation

• Perfect for each other
• CC really wanted the Church to be SEEN everywhere
  and LOUDLY
• This type of painting actually began in Rome in
  1600

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Women and Baroque painting

• First time that women played a role in the arts
• Restricted to painting portraits, still life
• One of the most famous female painters
• Artemisia Gentileschi

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Artemisia Gentileschi

• Daughter of an art patron
• Painted
• Bathsheba
• Judith (saved her people by beheading Assyrian
  general)
• Remember, erotic and violent scenes were popular
  in Baroque
• (self portrait on left)

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Artemisia Gentileschi

• Gentileschi had been raped by her art instructor
  while living in Rome
• Left for Florence in 1618
• Her paintings reflect her torment from what was
  done to her (Tassi was freed soon after the trial)

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Judith and Holofernes 1620
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Gianlorenzo Bernini

• Best represents high baroque of the Catholic
  Reformation
• Made monumental fountains
• Communicated an intense religious experience

Bust of Cardinal Richelieu
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Ecstasy of St. Theresa By Bernini
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Ecstasy of St. Theresa

• Sculpted from 1645-1652
• Depicted saints convulions of joy when an angel
  stabs her with a spear
• Beams of sunlight on the sculpture
• Bernini said, It pleased the Lord that I
  should see this angel this way.

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Caravaggio

• Violent personal life
• Fled from Rome to Naples (under Spanish rule)
  after killing a man
• Most famous painting
• The Calling of St. Matthew

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The Calling of St. Matthew

• Sacred object depicted in terms of
  contemporary lowlife.
• Matthew (tax collector) sitting in a Roman tavern
• Jesus appears as poor (not elegantly dressed like
  Matthew and his agents)
• (Look at Jesus again, notice his fingers)

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Baroque in Spain
Velazquez Maids of Honor
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Northern European Painting
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Peter Paul Rubens
Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus
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Peter Paul Rubens
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Peter Paul Rubens

• Portrait of Helen Fourment (his 16 year old wife)
• He was 53 when he married her

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Rembrandt

• Dutch painters lacked wealthy patrons (no church
  or aristocracy)
• Calvinist Church fobade use of religious images
• Needed middle class customers to stay employed

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Rembrandts Night Watch
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Jan Vermeer

• Single figures, everyday tasks
• The Letter
• Woman playing the lute (symbolic of harmony
  between lovers)
• Maid looks amused
• Who is the letter from?
• We are secretly looking into the room

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Vermeers The Letter
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Vermeers Girl with a Pearl Earring