Livestock Perspectives on Bioenergy coproducts

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Livestock Perspectives on Bio-energy co-products
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Feeding DDGS to IN Livestock

• Specie Diet inclusion tons / year
• Swine 10 274,950
• Dairy 20 263,000
• Repl. Heifers 30 70,000
• Poultry 10 177,390
• Beef/cow-calf var. 47,477
• TOTAL 832,817

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Est. production of DDGS 1.4 M tons
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DDGS Nutritional Issues

• Variability in available amino acids
• Lys digestibility range 60 to 84
• Novus Intl. in vitro assay (r2 0.88)

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Amino Acid Digestibility ()
Novus Intl., 2006
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High Dig. Lys.
Low Dig. Lys.
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DDGS Nutritional Issues

• Variability in available amino acids
• Lys digestibility range 60 to 84
• Variability in available energy
• ME ranges between 2629 to 2981 kcal/kg
• Variability in phosphorus
• Total P, Available P, total P
• Corn 0.3 20 to 30
• DDGS 0.75 60 to 80

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DDGS Nutritional Issues

• Variability in sodium content (corn0.02)
• 0.05 to 0.17 Typical diet 0.18
• Pelleting molasses balls from solubles cause
  gumming of dies reducing throughput and pellet
  durability
• INCONSISTENCY (w/in between plants)
• Mycotoxins (concentrated 3X)
• Sulfur content (0.4 to 0.8 vs corn 0.12)

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SBM vs DDGS

• DDGS contains 62 of the protein of SBM SBM 44
  or 48 DDGS 27
• DDGS contains 30 of the total lysine of SBM SBM
  2.83 DDGS 0.84
• DDGS contains 16 of the available lysine SBM
  2.41 DDGS 0.39

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Feed Manufacturing Issues

• Flow rates (handling / transportation)
• Bridging- bad with high inclusion rates
• Particle size? ( lt 400 to gt 600 um)
• Separation/settling issues?
• Pelletability?
• Wet feeding - spoilage

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Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS

• Effect on Animal Performance (including
  reproductive performance) ?
• Effect on Product Quality ?

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Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS

• Effect on Animal Performance (including
  reproductive performance) ?
• Effect on Product Quality ?
• Effect on Nutrient Management ?
• Producer Education

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Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
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Co-products in Dry Grind Corn Process
One bushel of Corn
Corn Dry Grind Facility
2.5-2.7 gal of Ethanol
15-17 lbs of DDGS
V. Singh, UIUC
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Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind 2. Modified dry grind
recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a
horizontal drum degerminator 3. Quick germ quick
fiber recovers germ and pericarp fiber by
soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with
alpha-amylase
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Coproducts from Modified Dry Grind and Quick Germ
Quick Fiber Processes
Corn Dry Grind Facility
One bushel Corn
2.6 gal Ethanol
Dry Degerm Defiber Process
4 lb Germ
7.0 lb Residual DDGS

4 lb Pericarp Fiber
V. Singh, UIUC
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Effect of Processing Technology on Nutrient
Content of DDGS ()1
Conventional Modified Quick
germComponent dry grind dry grind quick
fiber Protein 21 25 28 Fat 14 9 6 Fiber
(TDF) 36 28 25 Lysine 0.73 0.63 0.91 Phospho
rus, 0.78 0.47 1.12 1 dry matter basis.
Parsons et al., 2006
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Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind 2. Modified dry grind
recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a
horizontal drum degerminator 3. Quick germ quick
fiber recovers germ and pericarp fiber by
soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with
alpha-amylase 4. Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill)
uses enzymes to recover additional endosperm fiber
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Coproducts from Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill)
Corn Dry Grind Facility
One bushel Corn
2.6 gal Ethanol
Quick Germ
Quick Fiber
E-Mill
3.3 lb Germ
3.7 lb Residual DDGS
4 lb Pericarp Fiber
4 lb Endosperm Fiber
V. Singh, UIUC
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Overall Issues with DDGS

• Product Variation
• Handling, Storage, Transportation
• Effect on Animal Performance
• Effect on Product Quality
• Effect on Nutrient Management
• Producer Education

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Glycerol from Bio-diesel

• 10 of production
• What to do with off-spec for human / industrial
  use?
• Can use up to 10 in diets (CHO energy )
• Purity vs. cost?
• Pellet binder?
• Change in animal fat composition / amount
• Handling issues?

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Helpful Resources

• http//www.ddgs.umn.edu/
• http//ilift.traill.uiuc.edu/distillers/