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Title: NEBOSH


1
NEBOSH Construction
  • Bruno Porter

2
Introduction
  • Construction
  • Demolition
  • Maintenance including Asbestos
  • Confined Spaces
  • Contractors

3
Specific Law
  • The Construction (Design Management)
    Regulations 1994 (CDM)
  • The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare)
    Regulations 1996 (CHSW) See sheet
  • The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
  • Management of Health and Safety at Work
    Regulations 1999
  • The Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974

4
Construction Hazards
  • Gravity again!
  • Exposed conditions difficult to do any work!
  • Unknown contractors
  • Risk tolerant workforce

5
Construction Hazards
  • Ladders - Checklist in notes
  • Consider ladder aides-
  • Increase basal area
  • Increase support at top
  • Increase friction
  • Other engineering aides
  • Hooks, eyes and ledges
  • Hierarchy of control will reduce their use

6
Construction Hazards
  • Roofwork
  • Beware short duration
  • Sloping roofs
  • Flat roofs
  • Fragile roofs and fragile areas in load bearing
    roofs

7
Construction Hazards
  • Scaffolding
  • Providing safe working platform
  • Handrail at least 910mm
  • No gap greater than 470mm
  • Toeboard at least 150mm
  • Elements removed
  • Footing unsound, or made unsound

8
Construction Hazards
  • Scaffolding
  • Definitions in notes
  • Putlogs only one set of uprights (standards)
    prone to falling outwards
  • Independent scaffold must be tied into
    structure or self supporting
  • Towers, independent or system built

9
Construction Hazards
  • Scaffolding - collapses
  • Lack of ties into structure, or they had been
    removed
  • Lack of bracing parallelogram
  • Overload

10
Construction Hazards
  • Suspended access systems
  • Cradles / working platforms
  • Bosuns chair
  • Absailing

11
Demolition Hazards
  • Type of contractors
  • Type of workers
  • Type of operations

12
Demolition Hazards
  • Characterised by-
  • lack of planning
  • minimal capital investment
  • disinterested clients
  • Must consider mechanical means first
  • Hand demolition generally only soft strip
  • Recycling / land fill tas has helped

13
Excavations
  • Gravity and friction
  • All ground it good ground to the worker
  • All ground can be bad ground - add water
  • Support sides or remove sides angle of repose

14
Excavations
  • From what depth? crushed by trunk or above
  • Dont forget falls from height
  • Other services / disturbance
  • Other buildings or trenches

15
Excavations Types of Support
  • No support, benching and battering
  • Sheet piles
  • Hit and miss
  • Trench / drag boxes
  • Trench boxes
  • Proprietary systems

16
Confined Spaces
  • Definition in notes
  • Can be anywhere not just holes / tanks
  • Excavations
  • reasonably foreseeable specified risk
  • Plan - assessment

17
Confined Spaces
  • Other Hazards
  • Emergency procedures
  • Lighting
  • Safe places of work
  • Communication
  • Lone working
  • Environmental stressors
  • The work in progress

18
Confined Spaces
  • Risk assessment
  • Work prohibited (as per COSHH)
  • Then hierarchy based
  • Proper emergency plans own (not 999)
  • Training is essential

19
Contractors
  • Anyone engaged in work on your behalf
  • Perception of no control
  • Octel case
  • Issues are
  • specification
  • competence
  • control

20
Contractors
  • How far do I go?
  • SFARP
  • Method Statement
  • You are paying the bill

21
CDM - The Duty Holders
  • Client
  • Designer
  • Planning Supervisor
  • Principal Contractor
  • Subcontractor

22
Basics of CDM
  • Client
  • Design
  • Planning
  • Managing
  • Competency

23
CDM - Some terms
  • Existing Information
  • Designer Risk Assessments
  • Pre-tender Health and Safety Plan
  • Construction Phase Health and Safety Plan
  • Construction Phase
  • As Built Information
  • Health and Safety File

24
Clients' Duties
  • The Client has duties and responsibilities
  • Duty to appoint competent Designers
  • Duty to appoint competent contractors
  • Duty to allocate sufficient time and resource for
    the construction

25
Designers' Duties
  • To tell the client of CDM
  • Have adequate regard for the need to
  • Avoid foreseeable risks in construction.
    maintenance, cleaning and use
  • Combat risks to workers at source, both for
    construction phase and during use
  • To give priority to measures that protect all
    workers not just individuals
  • Include information on the building process,
    materials used etc. for the builder
  • Co-operate with Planning Supervisor and other
    Designers

26
Planning Supervisor - Role Duties
  • To collate and check the design elements
  • Put together the Pre-tender Health Safety Plan
  • Advise client as to competency of others
  • Advise client that Construction Phase H S Plan
    is adequately developed to start work
  • Review significant / fundamental changes in
    design
  • Collate as built drawings and prepare H S File

27
Contractors' CDM Duties
  • Prepare Construction Phase Health Safety Plan
  • Check competency of Subcontractors
  • Request and critically review method statements
  • Develop the plan, add remove method statements
    as necessary
  • Pass 'as built' information to the planning
    supervisor

28
Subcontractors' Duties
  • Check their subbies competence!
  • Produce method statements

29
Problems with CDM / CHSW
  • Application vs. Notification
  • Designers' Duties
  • Clients' Duties
  • Fear - paperwork
  • Confidence vs. back covering
  • No CDM no safety

30
Maintenance
  • Interaction with others
  • Plant
  • Services
  • Workforce
  • Hidden hazards
  • Control essential (permits, etc.)
  • See contractors

31
Asbestos an Overview
  • Types
  • Chrysotile (white)
  • Crocidolite (blue)
  • Amosite (brown)
  • Others
  • Anthophyllite (similar to amosite)
  • Tremolite
  • Actinolite

32
ASBESTOS - History
  • Finland (strengthener for clay pots)
  • Romans (cloths and shrouds)
  • 1878 - first mining operations
  • 1880 - imported into England
  • 1891 - Royal Navys first use

33
ASBESTOS - Uses
  • Asbestos cement building products
  • Lagging
  • Friction materials (clutch and brake linings)
  • Reinforcements
  • Joints
  • Felts
  • Paper
  • Underseals
  • Adhesives

34
ASBESTOS - Uses (contd)
  • Battery boxes
  • Floor tiles
  • Fillers
  • Fire resistant / mill boards
  • Pressure piping
  • Packings
  • Filter pads
  • Mastics
  • Coatings (paint and artex)

35
ASBESTOS - Health Effects
  • Asbestosis (fibrosis of the lungs)
  • Lung cancer
  • Mesothelioma (cancer of the pleura and
    peritoneum)
  • Other
  • Cancer of the larynx
  • Cancer of the gastro-intestinal tract

36
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - History
  • 1931 Asbestos Industry Regulations (made
  • under S79, 1901 Factory Workshop Act)
  • 1969 Asbestos Regulations (made under the 1961
    Factories Act)
  • 1983 Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations (as
  • amended) (made under the 1974 Health Safety at
    Work etc Act)

37
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - History
  • 1987 Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations (as
    amended) (made under the 1974 Health Safety at
    Work etc Act)
  • 2002 .. Control of Asbestos at Work
  • Regulations ..?

38
CONTROL OF ASBESTOS AT WORKREGULATIONS 1987 (as
amended)
  • Regulation 4 identification of type of asbestos
  • Regulation 5 assessment of work and plans of
    work
  • Regulation 6 notification of work with asbestos
  • Regulation 7 information, instruction and
    training
  • Regulation 8 prevention or reduction of
    exposure to asbestos
  • Regulation 9 use of control measures
  • Regulation 10 maintenance of control measures

39
CONTROL OF ASBESTOS AT WORKREGULATIONS 1987 -
contd
  • Regulation 11 provision and cleaning of
    protective clothing
  • Regulation 12 duty to prevent or reduce the
    spread of asbestos
  • Regulation 13 cleanliness of premises or plant
  • Regulation 14 designated areas
  • Regulation 15 air monitoring
  • Regulation 16 health records and medical
    surveillance
  • Regulation 17 washing and changing facilities
  • Regulation 18 storage, distribution and
    labelling of raw asbestos and asbestos waste

40
IMPROVEMENT NOTICES
41
DEFERRED PROHIBITION NOTICES
42
IMMEDIATE PROHIBITION NOTICES
43
INFORMATIONS LAID
44
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK - HSE KEY NATIONAL OBJECTIVE
2001/2002
  • Objectives
  • i) To give priority to
  • work where uncontrolled dry stripping is planned
    (presumption of enforcement action)
  • new licence holders whose work has not been
    previously inspected
  • priority visits to those who have been sent
    warning letter by ALU
  • those whose licences are set to expire within
    next 4 - 6 months (if not visited during previous
    12)

45
OBJECTIVES 2001 / 2002
  • those where local knowledge suggest they are not
    performing to standard, but who have not had
    letter from ALU
  • ii) Ensure employees who have to wear RPE have
    been face-fit tested
  • iii) Reduce the unjustified use of power tools
  • iv) Reduce unjustified work in hot environments.

46
ASBESTOS - the Problem
  • Between the 1950s and the 1970s, asbestos was
    used extensively in the UK as a building material
  • Over 1.5 million premises contain asbestos
  • Thousand of tonnes of asbestos still remain in
  • buildings
  • Over 3,000 people die each year from
    asbestos-related diseases

47
ASBESTOS - the Problem (contd)
  • 25 of people who are now dying from
    asbestos-related diseases once worked in trades
    associated with construction and building
    maintenance (Peto et al, 1995)
  • Asbestos regulations were aimed at asbestos
    removers and those working in asbestos factories
  • We need to ensure that all people who could come
    into contact with asbestos accidentally are
    properly covered

48
HSC / HSE PROPOSALS
  • A new regulation in the Control of Asbestos at
    Work Regulations 1987 (which would become the
    Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2001)
  • A duty to manage the risks from asbestos
  • A new Approved Code of Practice to back up the
    regulation and provide guidance to owners of
    workplace buildings

49
WHAT WILL THE NEW REGULATION REQUIRE?
  • Take reasonable steps to identify asbestos
    materials in a building - either do a full
    survey, assume all unknown materials contain
    asbestos, or conclude that they cant contain
    asbestos (needs evidence)
  • Record the location and type of asbestos
    materials identified
  • Assess the condition of these materials
  • Assess the risk they present

50
WHAT WILL THE NEW REGULATION REQUIRE? (contd)
  • Prepare a written action plan (to leave the
    asbestos in place, to repair it or to remove it)
  • Inform others of the location and condition of
    the asbestos-containing materials
  • Carry out regular checks of the condition of all
    asbestos-containing materials in buildings
  • Review and revise the plan as necessary.

51
THE NEW DUTY
  • Who has the New Duty?
  • The person or body having control over the
    situation giving rise to the risk in
  • The workplace and
  • The common areas of rented housing
  • Extended to all social rented housing?

52
WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS?
  • Leave the asbestos in place and introduce a
    management system (if the asbestos is in good
    condition, unlikely to be damaged accidentally
    and there are no plans for a major refit or
    refurbishment)
  • Seal it or enclose it (if the condition of the
    asbestos is not too bad)

53
WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS? (contd)
  • Remove it using licensed contractors where
    necessary (if the asbestos is damaged, if it is
    in poor condition, or if major work is planned on
    the premises).

54
THE HEALTH SAFETY (ENFORCING AUTHORITY)
REGULATIONS 1998
  • Schedule 2 lists activities allocated to HSE for
    enforcement, regardless of the main activity
  • This includes construction work in a physically
    segregated area
  • Almost all asbestos removal works fall to HSE to
    enforce, regardless of type of premises

55
THE HEALTH SAFETY (ENFORCING AUTHORITY)
REGULATIONS 1998 (contd)
  • Proposed amendment will pass more work to LA
    Inspectors relating to asbestos removal in
    premises where they are the enforcers, eg
    offices, shops, community centres,churches, etc.
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