Fungi

1
Fungi

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Fungi

2
How Many Kingdoms?
Extant
Multicellular Animals
Slime Molds
Archezoans
Archaebacteria
Myxozoans
Protozoans
Bryophytes
Green Algae
Chrysophytes
Tracheophytes
Euglenoids
Brown Algae
Bacteria
Red algae
True Fungi
Extinct
Long Time with Prokaryotes only
Original Cell
3
Fungal Cladogram
Phylum Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Zygomycota
Saccharomyces
Neurospora
Rhizopus
Pilobolus
Peziza
Phallus
Agaricus
Mucor
Sordaria
Polyporus
One other taxon Deuteromycota is artificial as
sexual stages are unknown for these species. They
are likely Ascomycota.
To Animalia, etc.
4
Fungi

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Fungi
• Phylum Basidiomycota

5
Basidiomycota Amanita virosa (the destroying
angel mushroom)
amatoxin digestive upset, fever, 2 days, improve
3 days, coma, death
http//pkaminski.homestead.com/files/Amanita_viros
a_7_L.jpg
6
Life Cycle of Agaricus
This dikaryotic mycelium is composed of septate
hyphae. It proliferates in the substrate (soil,
rotting wood, etc.) and can live this way for
weeks, years, decades, even centuries! Under the
correct conditions, the dikaryotic mycelium forms
basidiocarps. These will have hyphal tips forming
a layer (a hymenium) on gills (or other
surfaces). The apical cells are called basidia.
dikaryotic mycelium
plasmogamy
cap pileus
stalk stipe
gills lamellae
ring annulus
septate hypha
cup volva
basidium 2N
karyogamy
meiosis
4 meiotic products extruded from basidium
4 basidiospores atop basidium
Whether this is a zygotic or a sporic life cycle
depends upon your interpretation of whether or
not the dikaryotic mycelium and basidiocarp is a
sporophyte.
7
Basidiomycota Amanita muscaria (fly agaric)
mushroom
ibotenic acid, muscimol hallucinogenic near
lethal dose Passage through urine stream
Smurf Homes?
http//www.mykoweb.com/CAF/photos/Amanita_muscaria
(tfl-c0229-35).jpg
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Basidiomycota Coprinus comatus (inky cap)
mushroom
Fall mushroom, edible as long as you do not drink
alcohol at the same meal. Alcohol converts an
innocuous compound into a toxin. Distinctive
cylindrical pileus with shaggy coverage. Also
called the shaggy-mane mushroom
http//pkaminski.homestead.com/files/Coprinus_coma
tus_6_L.jpg
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A Fairy Ring of Mushrooms a dikaryotic mycelium
producing an ever-larger circle of basidiocarps
at it edge. Can you tell how the lawn responds?
Why does it respond this way?
http//fp.bio.utk.edu/mycology/images/fairy20ring
.jpg
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Basidiomycota Boletus a large polypore (sponge)
mushroom
The pores are lined with basidia producing
basidiospores
http//www.funbeach.com/mushroom/L_Andersen/hires/
Mshrms20Laurie20Boletus.jpg
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Basidiomycota Phallales
Phallus impudicus
Mutinus caninus
http//www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/porteretal/3-2
2.jpg
http//www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/bh28/pics/phallus.
jpg
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Dictyophora duplicata
Clathrus archeri
http//www.banrep.gov.co/blaavirtual/letra-f/fen/i
magenes/hongos/fphallus.jpg
http//users.servicios.retecal.es/amz/Concursos_Fo
tografia/2000/imagenes/CF01-P02_Clathrus_archeri.j
pg
13
Basidiomycota Psilocybe cubensis
These magic mushrooms contain psilocybin, a
mescaline-class hallucinogen
Growing in natural setting
Dry for sale
http//www.shroomwizard.com/graphics/Bradenton/Nei
l207.jpg
http//diseyes.lycaeum.org/teo/cub3dung.jpg
14
You asked about sucralose (Splenda)
This molecule is fundamentally sucrose with 3
hydroxyl groups replaced by chlorine
CH2OH
CH2Cl
Cl
O
O
OH
OH
O
CH2Cl
OH
OH
600 times less needed and is excreted without
metabolism (0 cal)
Adapted from http//www.biosite.dk/staabi/images/
sucralose.gif