Transportation Active Safety Institute A University-Industry Cooperative Center to Advance the Use of Active Safety Systems to Reduce Vehicle Crashes and Save Lives

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Transportation Active Safety InstituteA
University-Industry Cooperative Center to Advance
the Use of Active Safety Systems to Reduce
Vehicle Crashes and Save Lives

• Dr. Yaobin Chen
• Executive Director

Dr. Sarah Koskie Associate Director
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What is Active Safety?

• Vehicle Active Safety Systems incorporate
  Sensors, Driver Interface and Countermeasures
  (Driver Alerts, Vehicle Dynamics, and Occupant
  Protection) in order to anticipate crash
  scenarios and eliminate or mitigate the impact of
  those crashes.

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Passive Safety Saves Lives and Reduces Injuries,
But Does Not Reduce Crashes
Dramatic Overall Reduction in Relative
Statistics, but Trend is Stabilizing
Overall, Number of Crashes Unchanging
Societal economic impact of 230.6 billion (an
average of 820 for every U.S. person)
Source Traffic Safety Facts 2005 Annual Report
NHTSA, DOT HS 810 631, Oct 2006
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U.S. Crash Summary(Societal Cost are Staggering)
38,252 Fatal Crashes

• 42,643
• Fatalities
• 33,471 Occupants
• 3,661 Motorcyclists
• 5,511 Non-motorists (pedestrian
  pedalcyclist)

1,925,000 Injury
4,365,000 Property Damage
230.6 Billions Society Cost
6,328,000 Reported Crashes 11.3M Vehicles
Involved
2003 NHTSA Fact Sheet
Represents a yearly average cost of 820 for
every U.S. Resident
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Focus on Zones With Greatest Opportunity
Identifies High Accident Categories to focus
Product Development of Right Smart Sensors
for Right Smart Countermeasures
All Vehicle Accidents
Side Zone 2 lt1
Rear Zone 17 2
Lane Departure Zone 15 33
Forward Zone 54 51
Rollover (on-Road) lt1 lt1
Side Swipe
Same Direction 37 24
Opposite Direction 17 27
Lane Change 7 3
Back-up 2 lt1
Rear-End 15 2
Off-Road 7.8 30
2 lt1
Adjacent Lane lt1 lt1
All Accidents 11,346,185 All
Fatalities 35,977
Side Blind 7 3
Rear Impact lt1 lt1
Crossing Turn-into
In-lane
Crossing Merge/ T-bone 11.6 7
25.5 17
6.8 4
Head-on
9.7 23
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Opportunity for Improved Safety(Driver Errors
are Primary Reason for Accidents under Simple
Roadway Conditions)

• Majority of Crashes occur under Benign
  Environmental Conditions
• Driver Errors are the Primary Reason for Accidents

Source Traffic Safety Facts 1998 Annual
Report NHTSA, DOT HS-808-983, Oct 1999
Road Surface 8
Vehicle Defects 3
Driver Physiological State 14
Driving Task Error 76
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Active Safety Products ProvideCocoon of
Safety
Driver State Monitor
Rear Collision Avoidance
Side Collision Avoidance
Forward Collision Avoidance
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Barriers to implementation of Active Safety
Systems

• Limited data availability and few analyses of
  existing data means hard to compare systems.
• Non-standard product features and solutions may
  confuse consumers.
• Non-standard human machine interfaces may confuse
  consumers.
• No testing methodology for evaluation/validation
  has been developed.
• No active safety star ratings

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Need for a University-Industry Cooperative
Research Center
Create a collaborative Academic / Industry
partnership to facilitate development, evaluation
and assessment of Active Safety Systems

• Industry
• Provide expertise/leadership in
  technology/product strategy, design, development,
  and commercialization
• Safety suppliers and vehicle manufacturers
• University
• Provide an independent environment to offer a
  forum for non-competitive industry collaboration,
  and leverage research development capabilities
• Indiana Research Diamond (IUPUI, Indiana
  University, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology,
  Purdue University)
• Government and independent agencies
• Provide oversight, advice, and endorsement of
  standards and analysis results
• NHTSA, INDOT, Insurance Institute for Highway
  Safety, etc.

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Mission
Advance the Use of Active Safety Systems to
Reduce Vehicle Crashes and Save Lives
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Progress Major Milestones

• January 2008 Recognized by IUPUI as Signature
  Center
• Three year, 300K seed funding
• Faculty participants from seven (7) schools at
  IUPUI/IUB (Engineering and Technology,
  Informatics, Medicine, Health and Rehab Science,
  Science, Business and SPEA)
• Sept 2007 TASI Driving Simulator Laboratory
  established Under the generous support of Delphi
• TASI Consortium Agreement and Operating
  Procedures drafted (being approved by the
  University)
• January 2007 Approved by IUPUI as a campus-wide
  research center
• Aug and Oct 2006 Sponsored two workshops with
  potential industry/university partners

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Signature Center Faculty

• Yaobin Chen, Director, Professor, Electrical and
  Computer Engineering
• Sarah Koskie, Associate Director, Assistant
  Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Sohel Anwar, Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering
• Edward J. Berbari, Ph.D., Biomedical Engineering
• Anthony D. Cox, Ph.D., Kelley School of Business
• Eliza Du, Ph.D., Electrical and Computer
  Engineering
• Arjan Durresi, Ph.D., Computer and Information
  Science, School of Science
• Russ Eberhart, Ph.D., Electrical and Computer
  Engineering
• Anthony Faiola, Ph.D., School of Informatics
• Shiaofen Fang, Ph.D., Computer and Information
  Science, School of Science
• David Good, Ph.D., School of Public and
  Environmental Affairs (IU)
• Michael Justiss, Ph.D., OTR, Occupational
  Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation
  Sciences
• Sean J. OConner M.D., Psychiatry, School of
  Medicine
• Huanmei Wu, Ph.D., School of Informatics

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Goals

• Perform scientific research on crash prevention
  and the benefits of active safety systems
• Accelerate product development of systems at both
  sub-system and complete system levels
• Establish common human machine interface
  protocols
• Establish common metrics and associated test and
  validation methods to assess and quantify system
  performance
• Establish active safety test facility
• Facilitate public awareness of the benefits of
  active safety systems
• Gain endorsement/acceptance by industry and NHTSA

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Common Standards

• Establish common standards for human machine
  interfaces

Audible Alerts
Automatic Chassis Control
Beep Beep Beep
Vehicle Simulator
Haptic Alerts
Visual Alerts
Motorized Seatbelt Seat Vibration
Mirror Icon
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Evaluation

• Test facility active safety product evaluation in
  response to repeatable real-life traffic
  scenarios
• Improve/reduce product development cycle
• Assess system/algorithm improvements
• Analyze performance sensitivity in response to
  single parameter variations
• Validate system performance for compliance to
  common standards

Real-life Highway Scene
Simulated VHIL Scene
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Active Safety Test Facility (cont.)

• Vehicle-Hardware-in-the-Loop (VEHIL) Test
  Facility
• Unique Designed, Developed, and Operated by TNO
• Fully utilized with excess demand
• Ability to test real-life complex traffic
  condition scenarios
• Reproducible fast iteration in algorithm
  optimization
• Effective targeting the problem
• Safe safe testing especially for collision
  systems
• Efficient high test throughput

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Research Focus Areas

• Accident/Consumer Data-mining
• Accident/field data analysis
• Benefit/effectiveness analysis
• Cost sensitivity analysis
• Test Evaluation
• New sensors
• Algorithms
• Human Factors/Biomechanics
• Common Industry Protocols/Processes
• HMI protocol
• Product performance

• Evaluation/Validation
• Performance
• Human machine interface (HMI)
• Common protocols/processes
• Consumer clinics
• Field operational tests
• Testing Methodology
• Laboratory/bench tests
• Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
• Closed-course test track
• On-road
• Consumer Awareness/Education

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Driving Simulator Laboratory- DriveSafety DS-600
Simulator
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STISIM WT-2000 Driving Simulator
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Current and Potential Projects and Funding

• Three short-term projects funded by Delphi
  (ongoing)
• IUPUI Signature Center grant
• 100K per year for three years (2008-2010)
• Three-year driving simulator-based project funded
  by Delphi
• Proposals to be submitted to IEDC/Indiana 21st
  Century Fund, NHTSA, USPS, INDOT, and others

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• Back-Up

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Potential Industry, University and Other Partners

• AutoLiv (Swedish)
• Bosch (German)
• Continental Teves (German)
• Denso (Japanese)
• Hella (German)
• Siemens VDO (now part of Continental)
• TRW (US)
• CAMP (Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership)
• OEMs Ford, GM, Honda, Toyota, Hyundai
• NGOs Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
• U of Iowa, U of Michigan, Virginia Tech, Ohio
  State

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Areas of Faculty Expertise

• Human Factors/Biomechanics
• Dr. Anthony Faiola provides expertise in HMI
  design.
• Dr. Michael Justiss, head of the Driving Safety
  and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, brings
  considerable experience in the study of how to
  evaluate and improve the driving of aging
  drivers.
• Dr. Russ Eberhart brings years of research
  experience using ECG and other biological data
  for drowsiness-detection to simulator-based
  projects.
• Dr. Ed Berbari provides expertise in cardiac
  monitoring, which is useful for monitoring driver
  state, e.g. detecting drowsiness.
• Sean OConnor, M.D. provides expertise in alcohol
  sensing.
• Data Acquisition and Analysis
• Dr. David Good and his Transportation Research
  Center at IU-Bloomington provide expertise in
  data acquisition and analysis .
• Dr. Huanmei Wu provides expertise in data mining
  techniques, which can provide insights into crash
  causation and mechanisms, as well as the
  potential benefits associated with various types
  of safety systems.
• Developing Emerging Technologies
• Dr. Eliza Du works with INDOT on real-time
  traffic monitoring, vehicle detection, and
  classification.
• Dr. Sarah Koskie has expertise in sensor data
  fusion techniques, which are of particular
  importance for combining data from different
  sensors and from different types of sensors.
• Dr. Arjan Durresi has expertise in
  vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to infrastructure
  communication, which has the potential to warn
  drivers of crashes, bad weather, and traffic
  congestion.