Feminism

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Feminism
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Social Effort
Political Action
Social Norms
Gender Oppression
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Under- Representation
Universal Pattern
Political Resources Interest
Education, Economic Political
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1929 JCPC reversed Supreme Courts decision
1927 Persons Case Senate appointments
2 'waves'
1921 Agnes Macphail 1st elected women MP 1920
Nat. League of Women Voters was created
1866 British MP John Stuart Mill petitioned the
Parl. of the UK to grant suffrage to women
1830s- 1860s Movement to abolish slavery
Universal Suffrage 1921 Federal Election
1800s Organized womens rights movement
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No room at the top
In 1990

• only 3.5 of the worlds cabinet
  ministers were women
• women held no ministerial
  positions in 93 countries
• women were completely absent from the four
  highest levels in government in 50 countries 5
  in the group of Western European states 16 in
  Asia and the Pacific 8 in Latin America and the
  Caribbean 21 in Africa
• women occupied less than 5 of the top positions
  in international organizations, including the UN
  and the European Community
• only a handful of women served as finance
  ministers (Bhutan, Finland, New Zealand, San
  Marino, Taiwan)

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vs.
Indira Ghandi
Gro Harlem Brundtland
Twice Prime Minister of Norway in the 1980s
Prime Minister of India, 1966-77
Margaret Thatcher
Prime Minister of Britain, 1979- 1990
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1830s- 1860s Movement to Abolish Slavery
The first organized movement for womens rights
came form the movement to abolish slavery. ..
womens rights organizers broke down many
conventional barriers to the public participation
of black people and women.
Rowbotham (1992)
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Political Participation Substantial growth for
women?
Womens lack of direct participation in
top-level policy-making
ETHNICITY
FINANCES
ORGANIZATION
TRADITION
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Women's Movement
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1st wave
1869 J.S. Mill Published On the Subjection of
Women
Pursuit of the franchise legal rights
PRIVATE SPHERE
ACCESS
PUBLIC SPHERE
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2nd wave
1960s
Civil Rights Issue
Equality
Private, political economic sphere
Pol. Rep.
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Points to Ponder
Sacrifice?
Career Goals
Who occupies the private sphere? ?
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2nd wave
1988 - Supreme court confirmed abortion laws
unconstitutional
1982 Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1970s and 1980s women entered universities and
work force in increasing numbers
happy-housewife myth
1960s Powerful emergence of Liberal Feminism
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Divisions Distinguished Agendas
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Key Thinkers
Naomi Wolf
KATE MILLET
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Key Issues
Largest most activist womens mvt in the
world 1992 outgoing Congress had only 6.4
women members incoming 11 in House, 7 in
Senate.
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Points to Ponder
WILL WOMEN SHARING POLITICAL POWER EQUALLY WITH
MEN CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE?
Men's Movement?
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• Studies indicate that a critical mass of from
  30-35
• inclusion of women in political leadership and
  govt is
• needed to affect public policies.
• Women should not settle for an in-name-only
  share
• of leadershipshould use their positions to
  campaign
• for specific party commitments to the nomination,
• election and appt of men and women to
  national
• office, parls, cabs, courts, regional and st.
  legs,
• commissions, advisory groups.
• Parties and womens orgs should seek out
  potential
• women candidates for political office and provide
• them with training in pol. and ldsp skills,
  funding and
• campaign assistance creation within G of a
  ministry,
• dept.,or national commission on for women to
  gather.

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SLOW
TRADITION
?
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?
Choices?
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Feminism
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21st C. Feminism
Information Society
CYBER-FEMINISM