Amphibian and Reptile Classification with example

1
Amphibian and Reptile Classification(with
example)
Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum
Vertebrata Class Amphibia Order
Caudata Family Ambystomatidae
Genus Ambystoma Species Ambystoma
tigrinum
http//fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/

• Reference Colbert, E.H. 2001. Colberts
  evolution of the vertebrates.Wiley-Liss

2
Kingdom Animalia
http//www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/

• Eukaryotes
• Organelles, large cells
• No cell walls
• Specialized cell types

3
Phylum Chordata

• Gill slits
• Dorsal nerve cord
• Notochord or
• vertebral column

Amphioxus a non-vertebrate chordate
4
Subphylum Vertebrata

• Vertebral column
• Skull (i.e., cranium)

http//medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/Lecture/labeled/bs106
001.gif
http//face-and-emotion.com/dataface/physiognomy/m
edia/cranium_side.jpg
5
Comparison of Vertebrate Class Traits
6
Anamniotic egg
http//epod.usra.edu/archive/images/egg_mass.jpg

• Jellylike (unshelled must develop in water)
• Small-sized (lack large membranes to nourish
  embryo and store waste)

Amphibian egg mass
7
Amniote Egg

• Embryonic membranes
• Large egg
• Shell (absent in livebearers)

http//tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Amniote_egg.gif
http//www.wvup.edu/ecrisp/imageJB7.JPG
8
Comparison of Vertebrate Class Traits
9
Amphibian development
http//www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/
http//www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/
http//fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/
http//www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/
10
Comparison of Vertebrate Class Traits
(continued)
11
1st Homo sapiens
1st reptiles
1st amphibians
http//www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/dino/geotime
/
12
Evolutionary Relationships
Testudines (turtles)
Mammalia
Anapsida
Synapsida
Amniota
Aves and other Dinosauria
Squamata (snakes, lizards)
Amphibia
Diapsida
Crocodylia
Sphenodonta
Osteichthyes
13
1st Amphibians (Devonian Period 408-360 mya)
http//www.lautringer.de/Alle_Dinosaurier_in_Kaise
rslau/Dinosaurier_Album_1/
Eusthenopteron (a sarcopterygian fish) could be
the ancestor of amphibians)
Krohne (2000)
14
1st Amphibians (Devonian Period 408-360 mya)
http//www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/paleonet/vop/gli
mpse/lab-m.jpg
Acanthostega (a sarcopterygian fish) could be
the ancestor of amphibians
http//www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/hilihili/keitou/mizika
/sarcopterygii/sarco-gazou/acantho.jpg
15
Other Early Amphibians
Forey (1988)
http//www.geocities.co.jp/HeartLand-Suzuran/3621/
Diplocaulus (290-245 mya)
Eryops (2-m long predator 360-320 mya)
16
Modern Iowa Amphibians
http//www.mybitoftheplanet.com/2002/
http//www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/
http//fwie.fw.vt.edu/VHS/
http//www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/
Caudata
Anura
17
Evolutionary Relationships
Testudines (turtles)
Mammalia
Anapsida
Synapsida
Amniota
Aves and other Dinosauria
Squamata (snakes, lizards)
Amphibia
Diapsida
Crocodylia
Sphenodonta
Osteichthyes
18
Reptile lineages (based on temporal openings in
skull)
Synapsida mammals
Diapsida dinosaurs, birds, snakes, lizards
Anapsida turtles
19
1st Reptiles (Pennsylvanian Period 320-290 mya)
http//www.veggs.com.au/pic/hylo.gif
Forey (1988)
?
Seymouria (amphibian or reptile?)
Hylonomus (oldest known reptile 30 cm long)
20
Modern Iowa Reptiles
http//www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology/images/
Order Testudines (turtles)
Order Squamata (lizards, snakes)
21
Amphibians and Reptiles of Iowa Ecosystems and
Ecoregions
40 Loess Flats and Till Plains 47a Northwest
Iowa Loess Prairies 47b Des Moines Lobe 47c
Iowan Surface 47d Missouri Alluvial Plain 47e
Steeply Rolling Loess Prairies 47f Rolling
Loess Prairies 47m Western Loess Hills 52
Paleozoic Plateau 72 Upper Mississippi River
Alluvial Plain
Source Iowa DNR
Iowa ecoregions
22
Prairie wetland ecosystem (Des Moines Lobe)
http//coloherp.org/geo/species
http//www.woodcountyparkdistrict.org
http//www.etsu.edu/biology
http//www.mikeredmer.com
http//dcm2.enr.state.nc.us
23
Upland prairie ecosystem (Des Moines Lobe)
http//www.herpnet.net/Iowa-Herpetology
http//www.hardingcounty.org
http//www.mikeredmer.com
http//www.pinesnake.de