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Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

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Activity 1 Draw a picture of a budding Hydra on pg. 184. Reproduction ... through the vas deferens to the prostate gland and through the urethra of the penis ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Asexual and Sexual Reproduction


1
Asexual and Sexual ReproductionAnimal
Development
2
Sexual Reproduction
  • There are 1.5 million different types of living
    species known
  • Some reproduce sexually, asexually, or both
  • Sexual reproduction involves haploid gametes
    coming together and forming a diploid zygote
    (called fertilization)

3
Asexual Reproduction
  • Spores are haploid reproductive cells that are
    capable of becoming an offspring without fusing
    with another cellit does not involve
    fertilization
  • This happens in some molds
  • Budding is another form of asexual reproduction
    where a growth of a copy of the adult buds from
    the adult itself until the bud breaks off and
    becomes its own organism
  • This happens in yeast
  • Fission is another form used by some
    single-celled organisms such as bacteria or
    amoeba
  • The organism divides by mitosis to make a new cell

4
Protists
  • Protists are single-celled eukaryotic organisms
  • Earlier this semester I classified Amoeba and
    Paramecium in with the prokaryotes, but this is
    really not true.
  • Protozoans are named b/c they are animal-like
    and actually resemble eukaryotes in the way they
    work than prokaryotes like bacteria
  • Ex Paramecium can reproduce asexually by fission
    or sexually by conjugation
  • Activity 1 on videoscope
  • Paramecium (remember they move via cilia)
  • Draw a Paramecium not dividing and also one
    dividing by fission on pg. 118

5
Fungi
  • Fungi are eukaryotic organisms.
  • They are also saprophytic (this means they get
    their food from dead organic matter)
  • Fungi can be multicellular or unicellular (yeast)
  • Some are parasitic (ringworm, athletes foot)

6
Fungi
  • Rhizopus is a fungus that exhibits sexual and
    asexual reproduction
  • It is made up of sections called hyphae
  • Can be separated by walls (septate) or not
    separated (aseptate)
  • The entire organism forms a mycelium (a mass of
    hyphae)
  • Asexual reproduction involves the production of
    sporangia (spores are inside the sporangia)
  • Activity 2 Look at prepared slides and draw
    and label the hyphae, mycelium, and sporangium on
    pg. 118

7
Fungi
  • Yeast
  • Yeast are unicellular fungi that reproduce by
    budding
  • Budding occurs rapidly under ideal conditions
    (mixed with sugar and water in warm temps)
  • (remember the yeast fermentation lab)
  • Activity 3 Draw a yeast cell with a bud on pg.
    119

8
Animal Reproduction Development (Investigation
14)
  • Asexual Reproduction genetic material of one
    individual is passed onto the next
  • Sexual Reproduction genetic material of two
    individuals are combined
  • Involves the joining of gametes produced in
    meiosis
  • Combining two individuals genes creates
    variability in the population (an advantage in a
    changing environment)
  • Asexual Reproduction would only be efficient in a
    highly stable non-changing environment
  • Hospitals and MRSA (methicillin resistant Staph
    aureus)

9
Reproduction in Hydra
  • Hydra have a central body cavity (Phylum
    Cnidaria same as jellyfishradial symmetry)
  • Also have tentacles that surround the mouth and
    which are equipped with nematocysts (stinging
    cells)
  • They reproduce asexually by budding (same as
    yeast)
  • Activity 1 Draw a picture of a budding Hydra on
    pg. 184

10
Reproduction in Hydra
  • Hydra also reproduce sexually
  • Sexual reproduction involves ovaries and testes
    which develop in the outer layer of cells
  • Some Hydra have both ovaries and testes, but most
    do not
  • Testes are small outgrowths found toward the
    mouth and contain many sperm
  • Ovaries are large and round
  • Activity 1 contdDraw a sketch of Hydra
    containing ovaries and testes

11
Human Reproductive System
  • Human male reproductive system functions to
    deliver a haploid gamete (sperm produced by
    meiosis) to an egg (also haploid)
  • Sperm
  • Are produced in the seminiferous tubules (which
    are tightly coiled forming the testis)
  • Are stored in the epididymis
  • Pass through the vas deferens to the prostate
    gland and through the urethra of the penis
  • The walls of seminiferous tubules are composed of
    cells that undergo meiosis to make sperm
  • Activity 2 look at prepared slides of testis
    and sperm and draw on pg. 185 186

12
Human Reproductive System
  • Female reproductive system functions to produce a
    haploid gamete (egg) and allow for fertilization
    producing a diploid zygote and implantation in
    the uterine wall
  • Egg
  • Is produced inside the ovary
  • Travels down the oviduct (AKA Fallopian tube)
  • Implants into the uterine wall
  • Single large egg called ovum surrounded by many
    small follicle cells (produce estrogen and
    progesterone)
  • When an egg is fully mature, it will rupture
    through the wall of the ovary and pass into the
    oviduct (ovulation) where it is ready to be
    fertilized
  • Activity 2 look at prepared slide of ovary and
    draw a mature follicle containing the ovum and
    follicle cells surrounding it on pg. 186

13
Animal Development
  • When a zygote is formed, it divides by mitosis
    creating 2, 4, and 8 celled stages and then forms
    a mass of cells called a morula
  • Further mitosis creates a hollow ball of cells
    called a blastula (1,000 cells)
  • Subsequent divisions create tissue layers in the
    gastrula
  • Gestation (the period of time it takes for an
    embryo to grow and change into an individual) can
    take no more than 3 weeks for a chicken but up to
    2 years for an elephant
  • Humans 9 months

14
Animal Development
  • Look at prepared slides of the following stages
    of starfish development
  • Egg (oocyte)
  • 2-cell stage
  • 4-cell stage
  • 8-cell stage
  • Morula
  • Blastula
  • Gastrula
  • Draw these on pg. 191-192

15
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • The spread of STDs is something most people
    ignore and dont think about
  • Used to be mainly bacterial infections (syphilis
    or gonnorhea) which are curable
  • But now viral infections such as AIDS and herpes
    top the list (Incurable)
  • We will do an experiment to see how easily STDs
    can spread

16
Whos Dirty?
  • There are cups of water and pipettes for everyone
    in class
  • ONE person in this class has an STD (glucose in
    their water)
  • Everyone is to go around and sleep with only four
    people
  • Take ½ pipette full of your water and your
    partner takes ½ of a pipette of theirs and you
    exchange fluids into one anothers cup
  • MAKE SURE TO WITHDRAW YOUR ½ PIPETTE OF WATER
    BEFORE YOUR PARTNER EMPTIES THEIRS INTO YOURS
  • Keep track of everyone youve slept with (name
    and ) in order
  • After sleeping around with four people, have a
    seat and check to see if youre dirty

17
Homework
  • Homework grade today is your attendance
  • Have a great weekend!
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