Best Diet for Cardiovascular Prevention

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Best Diet for Cardiovascular Prevention

• Which one shall we choose??

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For Primary Prevention, there is good evidence to
recommend

• Decreasing energy (calorie) intake, particularly
  from refined carbohydrate and sugar
• Consuming a plant based diet rich in fruits and
  vegetables

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For Primary Prevention, there is good evidence to
recommend

• Consuming 20 to 35 of calories from fats, with
  less than 7 from saturated and trans fats
• Choosing the rest of the fat from mono and
  polyunsaturated sources
• Increasing Omega 3 fats from fish and plant
  sources

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For Primary Prevention, there is good evidence to
recommend

• Increasing fibre in the diet, especially soluble
  fibre
• Increasing nut consumption
• Increasing soy intake
• Decreasing sodium intake

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For Primary Prevention, there is good evidence to
recommend

• Maintaining a healthy BMI ( less than 25) and a
  waist circumference of less than 88 cm females
• Increasing exercise
• Stopping smoking

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No evidence to support

• Vitamin E supplements to reduce CVD risk
• Vitamin B 12, B 6, and Folic acid to reduce CVD
  risk
• In patients with CAD, Vitamin E may increase risk
  of heart failure and hemorrhagic stroke

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Where does this information come from??

• Many trials of diet and lifestyle over the years
• Earliest was the Seven Countries Study in 1960s
  that the people on the Greek Isle of Crete had
  the lowest incidence of heart disease
• Many more recent studies also show the benefit of
  a Mediterranean diet

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Lyon Diet Heart Study in France

• 423 patients post MI- either Mediterranean style
  diet or Western style diet
• Found 50 to 70 reduction of risk of
  cardiovascular complications after 4 years

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Recent Canadian study

• Portfolio Diet- used a vegetarian diet with less
  than 30 of calories from fat, less than 7 from
  saturated fat as well as
• Plant sterols, Soy protein foods, Almonds, and
  Viscious (soluble) fibres
• The Portfolio Diet lowered cholesterol as
  effectively as a first line statin

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Traditional Mediterranean Diet

• High daily intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes,
  whole grain breads, non-refined cereals, and
  olive oil
• Moderately high intake of fish, low intake of
  poultry and meat, low to moderate intake of dairy
  products
• Regular intake of wine

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Traditional Mediterranean Diet

• Adherence to Mediterranean style diet is
  associated with a reduction in both primary and
  secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

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Why is it so Protective?

• Low in saturated fat
• High intake of omega 3 fat
• Low intake of omega 6 fat
• Low in cholesterol
• Low in trans fat

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Why is it so Protective?

• Low in animal protein
• High in vegetable protein
• High in antioxidants, vitamins and minerals
• High in fibre
• High in whole foods

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Is it just the diet or lifestyle?

• More physically active
• More sunshine??
• Less stress??
• Hard to pinpoint the exact reason

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The Mediterranean Diet

• A healthy diet
• Although maybe higher fat than some traditional
  cardiac diets, it is low in saturated and trans
  fat
• There is no One Mediterranean diet - varies
• These principles can be adopted into our diet

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Mediterranean vs New Canadas Food Guide

• CFG- Females 19 to 50
• 7 to 8 vegetables and fruits
• 6 to 7 grain products
• 2 milk alternatives
• 2 meat and alternatives
• Meat portions are 2 ½ ounces

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Canadas Food Guide

• Make at least half of your grain products whole
  grain each day
• Select lower fat dairy
• Have meat alternatives such as beans, lentils and
  tofu often
• Eat at least two servings of fish each week

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Canadas Food Guide

• Oils and fats are stated to include 2 to 3 tbsp
  of unsaturated fat each day.
• Use vegetable oils such as canola, olive and
  soybean
• Limit butter, hard margarines, shortening
• Eat nuts and seeds

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Canadas Food Guide

• Can follow the new Canadas Food Guide and follow
  a Mediterranean Diet
• Doesnt have to be one or the other
• We should limit foods and beverages high in
  calories, fat, sugar, salt when following either
  diet

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So how do we do it?

• Start eating more beans, lentils and soy
• Reduce your meat portions to 2 ½ ounces
• Eat less red meat
• Eat more fish
• Eats some nuts especially almonds and walnuts

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So how do we do it?

• Eat 7 to 8 vegetables and fruits daily
• Use olive and canola oil
• Eat whole grain products
• Cut back on salt
• Eat low fat dairy

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Dont forget

• The importance of a healthy weight
• The importance of physical activity
• The importance of not smoking
• The importance of enjoying life!!
• That glass of wine

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For more information

• Visit the Canadas Food Guide on line
• WWW.healthcanada.gc.ca/foodguide
• Or just google-new Canadas Food Guide

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Valley Cardiac Rehab Program

• Extended Warranty II program
• Consists of an exercise program,
• a ten week education program, and
• a four week cooking program featuring beans,
  lentils and soy