Carbon can make chains

1
Carbon can make chains

• C C C C C C C
• C C C C C C C C C
• C C C C C C C C C C C
• C C C C C C C C C C C C
  C
• C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
  C

2
Carbon can make chains

• Number of carbons determines the chain name
• 1 meth 6 hex
• 2 eth 7 hept
• 3 prop 8 oct
• 4 but 9 non
• 5 pent 10 dec

3
Only H bound to C - alkanes

• H
• H C H CH4 methane
• H
• H H
• H C C H CH3CH3 ethane
• H H
• H H H
• H C C C H CH3CH2CH3 propane
• H H H

4
Substituents

• Anything attached to the chain
• Can be carbon chains (also called branches)
• Can be heteroatom (not carbon) substituents

5
Chains are numbered to place substituents

• Always determine the longest chain whether bent
  or straight. The number of C determines the
  prefix. The functional group determines the
  suffix.
• Count from the end that gives the lowest numbers
• Each substituent gets a number from the (only 1
  set of numbers) numbering system

6
Substituents on a chain
H H H CH3 H H C C C C C H
H H H H H

• CH3CH2CH2CHCH3
• CH3

2-methylpentane
7
Naming Alkanes

• Count C in longest chain
• Draw line through it
• C gives prefix
• No functional group gives ane ending
• Name substituents and list in ABC order
• Number substituents
• Lowest numbering system (1 system for everything)
• Multiple substituents of same type use di, tri,
  tetra, penta, hexa, etc.

8
Substituents

• C-based, prefix -yl ending
• Methyl, CH3- or CH3
• Ethyl, CH3CH2 or CH2CH3 or
• Propyl, CH3CH2CH2- or CH2CH2CH3 or
• Isopropyl (CH3)2CH- or -CH (CH3)2 or
• Butyl, CH3CH2CH2CH2- or
• sec-butyl isobutyl tert-butyl or
  t-butyl

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
9
Substituents

• Phenyl
• also a functional group

C H C C H H C
C H C H
or
10
Substituents

• Heteroatom based (also functional groups)
• Chloro Cl -
• Bromo Br-
• Iodo I-
• Fluoro F-
• Amino -NH2 NH2-
• Alkoxy RO- -OR,
• Methoxy is CH3O- , ethoxy is CH3CH2O-
• Hydroxy HO- -OH
• Nitro, - NO2

11
Name it!

• CH3CH2CHCHCH3
• CH3 CH3
• CH3CHCHCH3
• Br NH2

pentane
dimethyl
2,3-
amino bromo
butane
2- -3-
12
You try it!

• CH3
• CH3CH2CCH2CH3
• CH3
• NH2 CH2CH3
• CH3CHCH2CH
• CH2CH3

13
Write a structure for these molecules.

• 1-aminohexane
• 2,2-dichloropropane
• chlorofluoromethane