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Absolute Monarchy in Europe

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Kings or queens who believed that they held all power. Divine right. God created the Monarchy ... 1st King of the Bourbon Dynasty. Converted to Catholicism ' ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Absolute Monarchy in Europe


1
Absolute Monarchy in Europe
  • World Studies
  • Chapter 21

2
Absolutism
  • Absolute Monarchs
  • Kings or queens who believed that they held all
    power
  • Divine right
  • God created the Monarchy
  • Monarchs were Gods representative on earth.

3
Philip II
  • Defended Catholicism
  • Ottoman Muslims
  • English Protestants
  • Inherited Spanish Empire from father, Charles V
  • Inherited Portugal from uncle

4
Philip II
  • By the time it was all said and done, Philip had
    the following territories outside of Europe
  • Spanish claims in North America
  • Portuguese claims in South America
  • Portuguese claims in Africa

5
Spanish Problems
  • Inflation from rise in population
  • Taxes
  • Trade Deficit
  • Don Quixote
  • By Cervantes
  • Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain

6
Dutch Revolt
  • Spanish owed Netherlands
  • Dutch were Calvinists
  • William of Orange (Dutch Leader)
  • Drove Spanish out with water
  • Northern Netherlands became independent.
  • Dutch establish trading empire

7
Rembrandt
  • The Syndics

8
Jan Vermeer
  • Woman Weighing Pearls (1662-64)

9
French Monarchs The Bourbon Dynasty
10
Henry IV
  • 1st King of the Bourbon Dynasty
  • Converted to Catholicism
  • Paris is well worth a Mass
  • Edict of Nantes
  • Declared that Protestants could live in peace
  • Set up places of worship

11
Cardinal Richelieu
  • Aide for Louis XIII
  • In reality, ruled France
  • Steps to improve the monarchy
  • Moved against Huguenots
  • Weakened nobles power
  • Tried to make France the strongest country in
    Europe

12
Skepticism
  • Nothing is ever known for certain
  • Michel de Montaigne
  • Developed the essay
  • All that is certain is that nothing is certain.
  • RenĂ© Descartes
  • Used observations to answer questions

13
Louis XIV
  • Boy King-became king at age 5
  • Cardinal Mazarin
  • Louis takes control at age 23.
  • Increased the power of intendants or govt agents.

14
Louis XIV
  • Jean Baptiste Colbert
  • Mercantilism-countries export more than they
    import to protect their economies.
  • What is a tariff?

Tax on imports
15
Louis XIV
  • Canceled the Edict of Nantes
  • Controlled nobles by having them work for him.
  • Versailles-kings palace

16
Louis XIV
  • Invasions
  • Spanish Netherlands (1667)
  • Dutch Netherlands (1672)
  • Gained Several towns
  • Drained French treasury

17
Louis XIV
  • War of Spanish Succession (1700-13)
  • Conflict over who took over for Charles II of
    Spain
  • Treaty of Utrecht
  • Louis grandson crowned King of Spain
  • France could not unite with Spain

18
Thirty Years War
  • Fought between Hapsburg countries (Spain,
    Austria, Germany) and Protestant countries
    France
  • Causes
  • Spread of Calvinism
  • Closing of Protestant churches by Ferdinand II
  • Conflict of power among Europes leaders

19
Thirty Years War
  • Peace of Westphalia
  • Weakened Spain and Austria
  • France gained German territory
  • German princes were independent of Holy Roman
    Empire
  • Ended religious wars in Europe
  • New methods of negotiation

20
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
  • Inherited throne in 1533 (Age 3)
  • Boyars
  • Landowning nobles
  • Tried to control Ivan as a boy
  • First Czar of Russia (Age 16)
  • Good period (1547-1560)-seized lands for Russia,
    including Siberia

21
Ivan the Terrible
  • Bad Period
  • After Anastasias (Ivans wife) death, he would
    kill anybody considered a traitor.
  • Killed son who he trained to inherit throne
  • Time of Troubles
  • Period after Ivans death
  • Ivans other son was unable to rule.

22
Peter the Great
  • Ruled 1696-1725
  • Goal was to Westernize Russia
  • Introduced Potatoes
  • Started first Russian newspaper
  • Increased womens status by attending social
    gatherings
  • Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing

23
Opening Activity
  • Name the five rights guaranteed by the First
    Amendment of the United States Constitution.

24
English Monarchs vs. Parliament
  • Charles I
  • Struggle over use of money
  • Petition of Right
  • No imprisonment w/o due cause
  • No taxes w/o Parliaments consent
  • No quartering in private homes
  • No martial law in times of peace

25
English Civil War (1642-49)
  • Parliament was fed up with Charles need for
    money
  • Royalists-followers of the King
  • Puritans-supporters of Parliament
  • Led by Oliver Cromwell
  • Puritans captured Charles executed him

26
The Restoration
  • Charles II
  • Asked to rule the country
  • Restored the monarchy
  • Restored theater, sports, dancing
  • Habeas corpus-right to a trial

27
Glorious Revolution
  • Overthrow of James II by William and Mary
  • Constitutional Monarchy-rulers power is limited
    by law

28
English Bill of Rights
  • No suspending of Parliaments laws
  • No taxation w/o Parliaments consent
  • Freedom of speech
  • Freedom of petition
  • Cabinet-link between Parliament and the Monarch.
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