Title: Chapter 12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynas
1Chapter 12 Reunification and Renaissance in
Chinese Civilization The Era of the Tang and
Song Dynasties
- Political turmoil followed the fall of the Han
during the Period of the Six Dynasties (220-589) - Period of the Five Dynasties Era of continuous
warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that
followed the fall of the Han
2- The Sui and Tang, from the end of the 6th century
brought a restoration of Chinese - Political unity returned as nomads and nobility
were brought under state control and bureaucracy
was rebuilt
3Wendi Member of prominent northern Chinese
family during the Period of the Six Dynastics
with support from northern nomadic peoples
established Sui dynasty in 589 Yangdi Second
Sui ruler restored Confucian examination system
constructed canal system assassinated in 618
4Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.
- Land Equalization System gt land
redistribution. - Unified coinage.
- Grand Canal constructed.
- Established an army of professional soldiers.
- People were overworked and overtaxed!
5The Grand Canal
- Wendi won popularity by lowering taxes and
establishing granaries to ensure a stable, cheap
food supply - Yangdi under took extensive and expensive
construction projects at a new capital - The scholar-gentry were brought back into the
imperial administration - Yangdi attempted unsuccessfully to conquer Korea,
widespread revolts followed, imperial rule
crumbled and Yangdi was assassinated in618
6The Grand Canal Today
Grand Canal great canal system begun by Yangdi
joined the Yellow River region to the Yangzi
basin Junks Chinese ships equipped with
watertight bulkheads
7- Li Yuan Duke of Tang minister for Yangdi took
over empire after assassination of Yangdi first
Tang ruler
8Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.
- Imperial examination system perfected.
- Liberal attitude towards all religions.
- Spread of Buddhism in China
- Golden Age of foreign relations with other
countries. ? - Japan, Korea, Persia
9Tang Government Organization
- Tang armies extended the empires reach to the
borders of Afghanistan and dominated the nomads
of the frontier borderlans - The Great Wall was repaired
- The extensive Tang Empire stretched into Tibet,
Vietnam, Manchuria and Korea
10Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.
- New technologies
- Printing --gt moveable print ?
- Porcelain
- Gunpowder
- Mechanical clocks
- More cosmopolitan culture.
- Reestablished the safety of the Silk Road.
- Tea comes into China from Southeast Asia. ?
11- The Confucian revival threatened Buddhisms place
in Chinese life - Many previous rulers had been strong Buddhist
supporters - Salvationist Mahayana Buddhism won wide mass
acceptance during the era of war and turmoil - Elite Chinese accepted Chan Buddhism, or Zen,
which stressed meditation and appreciation of
natural and artistic beauty - Early Tang rulers continued to patronize Buddhism
especially Empress Wu - She endowed monasteries, commissioned colossal
statues of Buddha, and sought to make Buddhism
the state religion
12Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705
- The only female Empress in Chinas history who
ruled alone. ? - Searched for outstanding individuals to attract
to her court. - Construction of new irrigation systems.
- Buddhism was the favored statereligion.
- Financed the building of many Buddhist
temples. - BUT She appointed cruel and sadistic
ministers to seek out her enemies.
13- Confucians and Daoist opposed Buddhist growth
- Thousands of monasteries and shrines were
destroyed Buddhist lands were taxed or
redistributed to taxpaying nobles and peasants - Buddhism survived the persecutions, but in a much
reduced conditions - Confucianism emerged as the enduring central
ideology of Chinese civilization - Empress Wu Tang ruler who supported Buddhist
establishment tried to elevate Buddhism to state
religion had multistory statues of Buddha created
Buddhist Temple
14Foot-Binding in Tang China
- Broken toes by 3 years of age.
- Size 5 ½ shoe on the right
Foot binding Male-imposed practice to mutilate
womens feet in order to reduce size produced
pain and restricted movement helped to confine
women to the household
15Foot-Binding in Tang China
- Mothers bound their daughters feet.
16Foot-Binding in Tang China
- For upper-class girls, it became a new custom.
17The Results of Foot-Binding
18(No Transcript)
19Song Sung Dynasty, 960-1279 C.E.
- Creation of an urban, merchant, middle
class. - Increased emphasis on education cheaper
availability of printed books. - Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power!
?
20Song Peasant Family
- New crops and technology increased yields
- Family organization resembled that of earlier
eras - Extended-family households were preferred
- The Confucianism male-dominated hierarchy was
common
21Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song
22Song Rice Cultivation
- Tang and Song rulers pushed agricultural
expansion - Peasants were encouraged to migrate to new areas
where the state supported military garrisons and
provided irrigation and embankment system - The canals enabled their produce to move through
the empirs
23- Tang and Song periods are most remembered for
their accomplishments in science, technology,
literature and fine arts - Arts and literature passed to neighboring regains
Japan, and Vietnam - Grand Canal, dikes and dams, irrigation system
and bridges - Banks and paper money
- Explosive powder fireworks naphtha
flamethrowers, poisonous gasses and rocket
launchers - Tea drinking, the use of coal and kites
- Compasses were applied to ocean navigation
- Printing with movable type, the invention of
paper allowed literacy levels higher than any
other preindustrial civilization
24- The Song dynasty fell to the Mongol invasions
inaugurated by Chinggis Khan - Kublai Khan completed the conquest and founded
the Yuan dynasty - The Tang AND Song dynasties had a great effect on
bothe Chinese and world history - Centralized administration and bureaucratic
apparatus wre restored and strengthened
25- The scholar-gentry elite triumphed over Buddhist,
aristocratic, and nomadic rivals - The Chinese economy, until the 18th c. was a
world leader in overseas trade volume,
productivity, sophistication of tools and craft
production
26- China, as a civilization, retained many
traditional patterns, but it also changed
dramatically in the balance between regions, in
commercial and urban development - Sinfication Extensive adaptation of Chinese
culture in other regions typical of Korea and
Japan less typical of Vietnam - Neo-Confucians Revived ancient Confucian
teaching in Song era of China great impact on
the dynasties that followed their emphasis on
tradition and hostility to foreign systems made
Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to
outside ideas and influences. - Flying money Chinese credit instrument that
provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at
the end of a venture reduced danger of robbery
an early form of currency
27(No Transcript)
28(No Transcript)
29(No Transcript)
30(No Transcript)
31(No Transcript)
32(No Transcript)
33(No Transcript)
34(No Transcript)
35(No Transcript)
36(No Transcript)
37(No Transcript)
38(No Transcript)
39(No Transcript)
40(No Transcript)
41(No Transcript)
42(No Transcript)
43(No Transcript)
44(No Transcript)
45(No Transcript)
46(No Transcript)
47(No Transcript)
48(No Transcript)
49(No Transcript)
50(No Transcript)