Chapter 12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynas - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynas

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Explosive powder fireworks naphtha flamethrowers, poisonous gasses and ... Tang AND Song dynasties had a great effect on bothe Chinese and world history ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 12 Reunification and Renaissance in Chinese Civilization: The Era of the Tang and Song Dynas


1
Chapter 12 Reunification and Renaissance in
Chinese Civilization The Era of the Tang and
Song Dynasties
  • Political turmoil followed the fall of the Han
    during the Period of the Six Dynasties (220-589)
  • Period of the Five Dynasties Era of continuous
    warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that
    followed the fall of the Han

2
  • The Sui and Tang, from the end of the 6th century
    brought a restoration of Chinese
  • Political unity returned as nomads and nobility
    were brought under state control and bureaucracy
    was rebuilt

3
Wendi Member of prominent northern Chinese
family during the Period of the Six Dynastics
with support from northern nomadic peoples
established Sui dynasty in 589 Yangdi Second
Sui ruler restored Confucian examination system
constructed canal system assassinated in 618
4
Sui Dynasty, 581-618 C.E.
  • Land Equalization System gt land
    redistribution.
  • Unified coinage.
  • Grand Canal constructed.
  • Established an army of professional soldiers.
  • People were overworked and overtaxed!

5
The Grand Canal
  • Wendi won popularity by lowering taxes and
    establishing granaries to ensure a stable, cheap
    food supply
  • Yangdi under took extensive and expensive
    construction projects at a new capital
  • The scholar-gentry were brought back into the
    imperial administration
  • Yangdi attempted unsuccessfully to conquer Korea,
    widespread revolts followed, imperial rule
    crumbled and Yangdi was assassinated in618

6
The Grand Canal Today
Grand Canal great canal system begun by Yangdi
joined the Yellow River region to the Yangzi
basin Junks Chinese ships equipped with
watertight bulkheads
7
  • Li Yuan Duke of Tang minister for Yangdi took
    over empire after assassination of Yangdi first
    Tang ruler

8
Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.
  • Imperial examination system perfected.
  • Liberal attitude towards all religions.
  • Spread of Buddhism in China
  • Golden Age of foreign relations with other
    countries. ?
  • Japan, Korea, Persia

9
Tang Government Organization
  • Tang armies extended the empires reach to the
    borders of Afghanistan and dominated the nomads
    of the frontier borderlans
  • The Great Wall was repaired
  • The extensive Tang Empire stretched into Tibet,
    Vietnam, Manchuria and Korea

10
Tang Dynasty, 618-907 C.E.
  • New technologies
  • Printing --gt moveable print ?
  • Porcelain
  • Gunpowder
  • Mechanical clocks
  • More cosmopolitan culture.
  • Reestablished the safety of the Silk Road.
  • Tea comes into China from Southeast Asia. ?

11
  • The Confucian revival threatened Buddhisms place
    in Chinese life
  • Many previous rulers had been strong Buddhist
    supporters
  • Salvationist Mahayana Buddhism won wide mass
    acceptance during the era of war and turmoil
  • Elite Chinese accepted Chan Buddhism, or Zen,
    which stressed meditation and appreciation of
    natural and artistic beauty
  • Early Tang rulers continued to patronize Buddhism
    especially Empress Wu
  • She endowed monasteries, commissioned colossal
    statues of Buddha, and sought to make Buddhism
    the state religion

12
Empress Wu Zetian, 624-705
  • The only female Empress in Chinas history who
    ruled alone. ?
  • Searched for outstanding individuals to attract
    to her court.
  • Construction of new irrigation systems.
  • Buddhism was the favored statereligion.
  • Financed the building of many Buddhist
    temples.
  • BUT She appointed cruel and sadistic
    ministers to seek out her enemies.

13
  • Confucians and Daoist opposed Buddhist growth
  • Thousands of monasteries and shrines were
    destroyed Buddhist lands were taxed or
    redistributed to taxpaying nobles and peasants
  • Buddhism survived the persecutions, but in a much
    reduced conditions
  • Confucianism emerged as the enduring central
    ideology of Chinese civilization
  • Empress Wu Tang ruler who supported Buddhist
    establishment tried to elevate Buddhism to state
    religion had multistory statues of Buddha created

Buddhist Temple
14
Foot-Binding in Tang China
  • Broken toes by 3 years of age.
  • Size 5 ½ shoe on the right

Foot binding Male-imposed practice to mutilate
womens feet in order to reduce size produced
pain and restricted movement helped to confine
women to the household
15
Foot-Binding in Tang China
  • Mothers bound their daughters feet.

16
Foot-Binding in Tang China
  • For upper-class girls, it became a new custom.

17
The Results of Foot-Binding
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19
Song Sung Dynasty, 960-1279 C.E.
  • Creation of an urban, merchant, middle
    class.
  • Increased emphasis on education cheaper
    availability of printed books.
  • Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power!
    ?

20
Song Peasant Family
  • New crops and technology increased yields
  • Family organization resembled that of earlier
    eras
  • Extended-family households were preferred
  • The Confucianism male-dominated hierarchy was
    common

21
Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song
22
Song Rice Cultivation
  • Tang and Song rulers pushed agricultural
    expansion
  • Peasants were encouraged to migrate to new areas
    where the state supported military garrisons and
    provided irrigation and embankment system
  • The canals enabled their produce to move through
    the empirs

23
  • Tang and Song periods are most remembered for
    their accomplishments in science, technology,
    literature and fine arts
  • Arts and literature passed to neighboring regains
    Japan, and Vietnam
  • Grand Canal, dikes and dams, irrigation system
    and bridges
  • Banks and paper money
  • Explosive powder fireworks naphtha
    flamethrowers, poisonous gasses and rocket
    launchers
  • Tea drinking, the use of coal and kites
  • Compasses were applied to ocean navigation
  • Printing with movable type, the invention of
    paper allowed literacy levels higher than any
    other preindustrial civilization

24
  • The Song dynasty fell to the Mongol invasions
    inaugurated by Chinggis Khan
  • Kublai Khan completed the conquest and founded
    the Yuan dynasty
  • The Tang AND Song dynasties had a great effect on
    bothe Chinese and world history
  • Centralized administration and bureaucratic
    apparatus wre restored and strengthened

25
  • The scholar-gentry elite triumphed over Buddhist,
    aristocratic, and nomadic rivals
  • The Chinese economy, until the 18th c. was a
    world leader in overseas trade volume,
    productivity, sophistication of tools and craft
    production

26
  • China, as a civilization, retained many
    traditional patterns, but it also changed
    dramatically in the balance between regions, in
    commercial and urban development
  • Sinfication Extensive adaptation of Chinese
    culture in other regions typical of Korea and
    Japan less typical of Vietnam
  • Neo-Confucians Revived ancient Confucian
    teaching in Song era of China great impact on
    the dynasties that followed their emphasis on
    tradition and hostility to foreign systems made
    Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to
    outside ideas and influences.
  • Flying money Chinese credit instrument that
    provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at
    the end of a venture reduced danger of robbery
    an early form of currency

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