RELEASE AND CONVERSION OF ENERGY FROM COPRA MEAL USING Streptomyces BETAMANNANASE FOR BROILER PRODUC

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RELEASE AND CONVERSION OF ENERGYFROM COPRA MEAL
USING Streptomyces BETA-MANNANASE FOR BROILER
PRODUCTION REVISITED

• Franco G. Teves1, Agnes F. Zamora2
• and Edwin S. Luis3
• 1MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan
  City
• 2Institute of Biological Sciences, University of
  the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
• 3Institute of Animal Science, University of the
  Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna

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Introduction

• Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), the tree of life,
  is still a major agricultural crop of the
  Philippines.
• It is a good source of food, feed, fiber and
  energy.
• 5.6 million tons of coconut meat represent about
  200,000 tons of crude protein.
• Ironically, it is abundant especially in
  countries with people suffering from protein
  deficiency.

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Introduction

• Copra meal is the solid that remains after oil is
  extracted from coconut meat.
• It is available throughout the year in the
  Philippines, used almost entirely for animal
  feed.
• Protein content is tightly bound to the complex
  polysaccharide present in coconut meat.

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Complex polysaccharide
Protein
Fats
Tight-bonding between protein molecules and
complex polysaccharide (mannan) makes coconut
protein unavailable to farm animals and humans.
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?-mannanase

• It is an enzyme that digests the complex mannan
  polysaccharide to manno-oligosaccharides.
• It is produced by certain microorganisms and
  plants.
• A special soil microorganism called Streptomyces
  no. 17 produces ß-mannanase that is able to
  hydrolyze mannotriose to mannose and mannobiose.

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Partition of Dietary Energy in Poultry
Gross Energy in Feedstuff (G.E.)

• Fecal Energy
• Undigested food
• Metabolic fecal energy

Digestible Energy (D.E.)

• Urinary Energy
• Waste products of metabolism
• Detoxification products

Metabolizable Energy (M.E.)
Heat increment Heat losses during metabolism

• Maintenance and work
• Growth
• Egg production

Net Energy Available for
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Objectives

• To increase the digestibility of copra meal by
  treatment with crude ß-mannanase enzyme from a
  special soil microbe Streptomyces sp.
• To increase the energy value of copra meal by
  making oligosaccharides and simple sugars more
  available to broilers.
• To improve the nutritional value of copra meal by
  making proteins more available.

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Materials and Methods
PRODUCTION OF CRUDE MANNANASE
Enzyme Production Medium (120 ml) 9.0 ml seed
culture of Streptomyces no. 17
Incubated for 5 days at 35C with shaking
Centrifuged at 9,000 rpm for 30 minutes
Centrifugate pooled as source of crude mannanase
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Materials and Methods
Set up for the enzyme production and for growing
Streptomyces no. 17 (up), and Sorvall
refrigerated centrifuge for crude enzyme
separation (down).
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Materials and Methods
HYDROLYSIS OF COPRA MEAL AND ANALYSIS OF
HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS
2 liters enzyme solution , total activity 44,000
units
400 g copra meal
0.5 hr sample 1.0 hr sample 4.5 hr sample 24 hr
sample Paper chromatography
5 liter beaker
24 hrs, at room temperature, mixing with magnetic
stirrer.
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Materials and Methods
FORMULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DIETS
T11 Diet with 5 untreated copra meal T12 Diet
with 10 untreated copra meal T13 Diet with 15
untreated copra meal T21 Diet with 5 treated
copra meal T22 Diet with 10 treated copra
meal T23 Diet with 15 treated copra meal
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Materials and Methods
Group feeding of broiler chicks with commercial
feed prior to feeding with experimental diets.
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Materials and Methods
PARAMETERS MEASURED
Feed Efficiency Amount of feed consumed
(g) Body weight gain (g) Total
feed Proximate Total consumed, Kg X
value of organic matter in feed -
fecal weight, Kg Apparent X Proximate value
of organic matter in feces Digestibility
________________________________________________
_____________ X 100 Total feed consumed, Kg
X Proximate value of organic matter in
feed Apparent Total feed consumed, Kg X
Gross energy - Total fecal X
Gross energy Metabolizable Energy
of feed, Kcal/Kg weight, Kg of
feces, Kcal/Kg Total feed consumed,
Kg
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Materials and Methods
Collection of fecal matter and subsequent
analyses after drying.
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Materials and Methods
Bomb calorimeter for measuring gross energy.
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Results and Discussion
Hydrolysis products of copra meal mannan at
selected intervals, showing mannose residues at
later times..
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Results and Discussion

• Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude
  fat, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract
  significantly increased in mannanase-treated
  copra meal compared to untreated.
• Apparent Metabolizable Energy significantly
  improved in mannanase-treated copra meal compared
  to untreated.
• Body weight gain was significantly higher in
  broilers fed with mannanase-treated copra meal
  compared to untreated.
• Feed efficiency was significantly better for
  mannanase-treated copra meal compared to
  untreated.

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Conclusion

• ?-mannanase treatment significantly improved the
  nutritional quality of copra meal in broiler
  diets by the release of stored energy in
  polysaccharides and fats, and availability of
  metabolizable crude protein from
  protein-polysaccharide complexes.

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• Thank you for your attention.