Assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems Cage fish culture in the Mediterr

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Assessment of the sustainability of aquaculture
production systems - Cage fish culture in the
Mediterranean -(Cyprus and France)
EVAD Project Évaluation de la durabilité des
systèmes de production aquacoles Montpellier,
November 24-25th, 2008
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Mediterranean fish culture in cage
Typology of Mediterranean farms
Stake holders and inquiries
Selection and validation of the P. C. I.
Sustainability diagnostic
Conclusion and prospects
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Mediterranean fish culture
Mediterranean seabass and seabream production
between 200 and 250 000 T 99 of total produced
in cages Greece, Turkey, Italy and Spain produce
around 90 France (cages) and Cyprus produce
both around 2 500 T Strong governmental
incentives to move the cages from the sea shore
to more offshore No development of cage farming
in France in the last 15 years / quick
development in other countries
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Mediterranean fish culture
Total production ()
Number of companies ()
Disparition of the medium size companies Concentra
tion of the production
source  University of Stirling, 2004
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Fish culture in some mediterranean countries
Number of companies ()
National production ()
In Greece and France, 70 to 80 of the production
from few large size companies (less than 35 of
the farms)
In Turkey and Italy, 70 to 80 of the production
from medium and small size companies (more than
90 of the farms)
source  University of Stirling, 2004
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Mediterranean fish culture main characteristics

• Large range of farm size / production structure
  among the countries
• Periodic price crisis due to overproduction
• - in 2000-2002, 2008
• Restructuration of the production systems mainly
  accelerated by
• the crisis
• financial losses loss of capital
• farm disappearing / regrouping in financial
  holding (multi-sites)
• - up-scaling of the production unit
• - technological innovations (offshore)
• - production segmentation subcontracting and
  specialization

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Mediterranean fish culture in cage
Typology of Mediterranean farms
Stake holders and inquiries
Selection and validation of the P. C. I.
Sustainability diagnostic
Conclusion and prospects
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Typology of the mediterranean farms

• Difficulties for collecting on the field
  information in Greece, Spain, Turkey, Croatia and
  Italy
• Difficult access to true key data for foreign
  experts due to a strong competition of the farms
  on the international market
• Mediterranean field restricted to Cyprus and
  France
• Partner farms 4 farms in Cyprus and 8 farms in
  France
• Nevertheless, representation of the main features
  of the Mediterranean sector

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Typology of the farms
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Typology of the farms
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Typology of the farms
3 types of marine cage farms Small size lt 100
T/year Large size gt 500 T / year familial
capital Large size gt 500 T / year open capital
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Mediterranean fish culture in cage
Typology of Mediterranean farms
Stake holders and inquiries
Selection and validation of the P. C. I.
Sustainability diagnostic
Conclusion and prospects
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Main steps and contributors in the Mediterranean
Typology of the fish culture systems
Olivier Brunel
Syndhia Mathé Eva Moisset Edouard Geoffray
Regulation systems analysis Perception
inquieries - data collection in Cyprus Perception
inquieries - data collection in France
P. C. and check-list of indicators
Selection and validation of the indicators
Construction and quantification of the indicators
Quiterie Sourget
Emmanuelle Roque
Sustainability diagnostic
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Stake holders and inquiries

• Regulation system analysis and perception
  inquiries

Feed manufacturers (BIOMAR)Hatcheries (LPDS,
SAGRO LTD)
Nature NGO WWF France, IUCN, AKTI
Administration Affaires maritimes PACA, Corse,
Alpes Maritimes PACA Cyprus fishing
department Conseil regional L.R.
Producers (8 in France, 4 in Cyprus) Producers
organisations (FEAP, SFAM, CIPA, FFA, EAS, Cyprus
aquacultor organisation)
Researchers IFREMER, IEO, Cyprus national
research
Veterinary services (DSV Var, Alpes Maritimes,
Cyprus services)
Engineering compagnies IDEE, Aqualog,
BRU Consultants (2 in Cyprus)
Retailors (Marée Phocéenne) GMS (CASINO,
METRO) Restaurant, fish shop
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Mediterranean fish culture in cage
Typology of Mediterranean farms
Stake holders and inquiries
Selection and validation of the P. C. I.
Sustainability diagnostic
Conclusion and prospects
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Selection and validation of the P.C.I.
Stakeholder selection (35 participants)
Global List 17 principles 103 criteria gt 200
indicators
Mediterranean List 17 principles 85
criteria 157 indicators
Expert selection
7 principles 20 criteria 30 indicators
13 principles
Expert decision
Stakeholder validation (46 of the selection
group)
25 criteria
45 indicators
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Selection and validation of the P.C.I.
Feed manufacturers (BIOMAR) Hatchery (PDS, SAGRO
LTD)
Nature NGO WWF France, IUCN, AKTI
Administration Affaires maritimes PACA, Corse,
Alpes Maritimes PACA Cyprus fishing
department Conseil regional
Producers (8 in France, 4 in Cyprus) Producers
organisations (FEAP, SFAM, CIPA, FFA, EAS, Cyprus
aquacultor organisation)
Researchers IFREMER, IEO, Cyprus national
research
Veterinary services (DSV Var, Alpes Maritimes,
Cyprus services)
Engineering compagnies 1 French
Retailors (Marée Phocéenne) GMS (CASINO,
METRO) Restaurant, fish shop
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Mediterranean principles
P1 Contribute to meet nutritional needs P2
Develop approaches which promote quality P3
Respect of natural resources and of environmental
carrying capacity P4 Improve the ecological
yield of the activity P5 Protect biodiversity
and respect animal well-being P6 Increase the
capacity to cope with uncertainties and crises
P7 Strengthen the long term future of
exploitations P8 Strengthen sectorial
organisation and identity P9 Strengthen social
investment of companies P10 Strengthen the role
of aquaculture in local development P11 Promote
participation and governance information P12
Strengthen research and sector-related
information exchange P13 Strengthen the role of
States and public actors in promotion of
sustainable
development
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Mediterranean fish culture in cage
Typology of Mediterranean farms
Stake holders and inquiries
Selection and validation of the P. C. I.
Sustainability diagnostic
Conclusion and prospects
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Indicators and criteria

• 45 indicators in total (quantified)
• 13 of them are specific for the Mediterranean
• 53 for evaluation at the company level
• 25 for evaluation at the territory level
• 22 common to company and territory

• Sustainability analysis using criteria and
  principles
• Criteria (quantified using indicators) analysis
  
• By pillar economical, environmental, social
  and institutional per type of farm
• By type of contribution companies or territory,
  per group of pillars (eco. enviro. and socio
  Instit.) and per type of farm
• Principle (quantified using criteria) analysis
• Global analysis per type of farm

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Criteria analysis - Economical pillar
Large size farms are more solid than small size
farms
All farms Lack of innovation (P6C2) /
mutualisation
Small size farms better level of value
enhancement (P2C3) (niche and proximity markets)
/ Price differential related to local market
Large size farms better supply control (P6C5) /
Fry and feed prices, fry availabity Better level
of awarness of pathological risks (P6C8) /
Biological alarm system Better level of financial
autonomy (P7C4)
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Criteria analysis - Environmental pillar
Large size farms are more environmental friendly
- Respect of carrying capacity (P3C6 and P3C4)
because they are installed more far from the
coast / Autoepuration capacity, high water
velocity under cages - Better control of the
genetic pollution (P5C1) / escapees control
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Criteria analysis - Social pillar
Large size farms are more socially sustainable on
average
All farms produce high quality healthy products
(P1C4)
Small size farms - Better access to
information (P9C5) / seminar participation -
Better level of contribution to local economy
(P10C5) / local production, pluriactivity
Large size farms larger contribution to fish
availability (P1C1)
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Criteria analysis - Institutionnal pillar
Large farms present a better average profil
Small size farms - Better recognition of their
contribution to sustainable development (P13C1)
- Receive higher financial aids from
administration (P13C3) / for research and
formation
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Crtieria analysis Territory level

• Economy and environment
• Large size farms are more sustainable except for
  the innovation / mutualisation of production
  factors (P6C2)

Social and institutionnal  Small farms are more
sustainable for - the level of contribution to
the local economy (P10C5) - the level of
commitment of the State towards the industry
(P13C3 / financial aids for research and
formation) (due to internalization of formation
and R D )
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Criteria analysis Company level

• Economy and environment
• Large size farms more sustainable except for
• The level of the innovation (P6C2) /mutualisation
  of production factors due to the entrepreneurial
  structure of production (segmentation and
  specialisation)
• - The level of value enhancement (P2C3) /price
  differential related to local market

Social and institutionnal  Small farms are more
sustainable for - The access to information
(P9C5) / seminar participation - The recognition
of their contribution to sustainable development
(P13C1)
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Sustainability analysis - Principles
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Sustainability analysis - Conclusion

• Similar results of analysis based on
  principles / criteria
• - Better global average sustainability of the
  large size farms
• - Better social investment and contribution to
  local economy of small size farms
• Important to clearly define the entity to be
  considered
• for instance large farms (several sites and
  segmented production system) internalize
  research and training of their employees and
  mutualise some of their tools, which is not
  considered in the evaluation of P9C5 (access to
  information) and P6C2 (mutualisation of the
  production factors)
• Analysis based on only 2 countries and few farms

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Mediterranean fish culture in cage
Typology of Mediterranean farms
Stake holders and inquiries
Selection and validation of the P. C. I.
Sustainability diagnostic
Conclusion and prospects
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Conclusion and prospects

• Powerful method taking into account all aspects
• of sustainability
• Exhaustive representation of sustainability
• Necessitates a strong involvement of all
  stakeholders
• Answer to a demand
• National actors
• Long lasting involvement

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Conclusion and prospects
1- INDAM project (CGPM CAQ), meeting next
Thursday and friday
2- Answer a EU call aimed at defining means to
improve sustainability of aquaculture (all types)
in Mediterranean countries, based on - Key
partners in each countries (national
multi-stakeholder platforms) - A method core
group (backup for key partners, international
multi-stakeholder platforms) - A tool to monitor
sustainability developments
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Thank you for your attention