A Compass for Citrus Canker Complexity

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A Compass for Citrus Canker Complexity

• Linda Weinland
• Peter Woodruff
• Margaret Waterman
• Ethel Stanley
• consultant

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Family Trees

• Carlos Silva sipped his morning coffee in the
  shade of the orange and grapefruit trees in the
  yard. He had planted one at the birth of each of
  his children.
• As he read the paper Carlos was startled by
  the full-color map on the front page. His eyes
  moved quickly to the center of the map where he
  found his own home to be outside a yellow zone
  north of US 41 and east of NW 87th Ave.

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• Yellow areas are 1900 ft canker zones.
• If your citrus tree is located in one of the
  yellow map areas it will likely be cut down by
  the state citrus-canker fighters.
• Ref Miami Herald July 26 2001

http//www.citruscanker.com/canker0726map.gif
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Family Trees

• With a sigh of relief Carlos looked down at
  the grapefruit he was peeling and wondered if the
  spots on it were a problem.

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Dade County
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http//www.nass.usda.gov/fl/gif/cprd0001.gif
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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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http//doacs.state.fl.us/canker/images/canker-by-y
ear.jpg
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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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http//www.edrinc.com/edr-hurricane.jpg
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http//www.escambia-emergency.com/images/hcanemap.
jpg
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http//www.fema.gov/nwz99/images/hurr0819.gif
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CA
AZ
TX
FL
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http//www.met.fsu.edu/explores/Tropical/atl2.htm
l
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Models and Simulations

• Epidemiology
• Resistan
• Biology Workbench
• Precision Farming
• Fireblight
• Web-HIPRE

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A Complex Business

• Doreena Fiello wiped her sweaty face as she
  planted the last orange tree in the grove. With
  pride she looked up at the new sign. There was
  so much to think about and no profits for
  several years.

Fiello Orchards Organic Citrus Established 2002
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Susceptibility of several citrus varieties and
rootstocks to Xachttp//doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enp
p/pathology/ckhost.html
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U.S. Orange Juice Imports
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U.S. Citrus Juice Exports
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Orange Production 1991-2001
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Orange Production including 2002 projection

• Notice the dip in 1999
• Why

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Was it a hurricane in1998
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Web-HIPRE Hierachical Preference Analysis
(www.hipre.hut.fi)
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A Complex Business

• Doreena noticed some small moths flying among
  the trees. She caught one and stuffed it into a
  baggie to bring to the extension agent. If it
  was a citrus leaf miner they would have to take
  action and soon.

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Citrus Leaf Miner
Larva
damage
http//primera.tamu.edu/citrus_entomology.htm
moth
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Citrus Leafminer Distribution

http//plant.cdfa.ca.gov/biocontrol/insects/citrus
pests/clm-in-citrus-may6-02.pdf
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CLM damage

• Citrus Leaf Miner (CLM) feeds on new growth
  defoliates when severe
• Most destructive to trees less than 4 years old
  since they produce new growth throughout season
• Older trees new growth mainly in spring
• Detection by scouting
• CLM cannot withstand high dry heat (CA)

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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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Parasite and its Egg on Citrus Leaf Miner Larva
http//primera.tamu.edu/citrus_leafminer_parasites
.htm
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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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http//www.imok.ufl.edu/plant/docs/canker_indian_r
iver_2002.pdf
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Up in the Air

• As the seat belt sign turned off again
  Lynn opened her laptop. She allowed herself one
  drink to offset her nervousness about the long
  flight and the ONSA meeting later that day.
• As the flight attendant poured her screwdriver
  her eyes caught the juice can label Contains
  orange juice from the U.S.A. Brazil and Mexico.
  
• Without some agreement at her meeting in Sao
  Paulo she expected that next year the label
  might not include the U.S.A.

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A faster and smaller Brasilian TIGR
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Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovars HrpX gene
partial cds unrooted tree!
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Phage genome map
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• http//cancer.lbi.ic.unicamp.br/xanthomonas/citri/
  Maps/M2/1.1.html

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Genetic control agent

• Potential use of Aptamers binding to
  pathogenicity protein PthA (D.W. Gabriel IFAS)

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Oranges

• Cut one the lace of acid
• Rushes out spills over your hands.
• You lick them manners dont come into it.
• Orange the first word you have heard that day
  enters your mind
• - Mary Oliver 2002