Air Quality: Status And Classification Of Cities Based On Indicators

1

• Air Quality Status And Classification Of Cities
  Based On Indicators
• 8h December, 2004 at BAQ-2004, Agra

T S Panwar Sumit Sharma TERI, New Delhi
2
Causal Factors

• Increase in Urban Population (1991-2001)
• Urban agglomerates 23 to 35 cities
• Urban Population 218 to 285 million
• Share 25.7 to 27.8
• Increase in Vehicles
• Total vehicles(2002) 59 million
• Personal vehicles 83
• Industrial Activity
• Out of 2155 industries, 1877 have provided
  pollution control equipments, 225 are closed 53
  are still defaulting
• Small-scale sector is poorly equipped to handle
  the pollution many of them are located in
  densely populated areas.
• Power generation
• Poor quality coal
• Domestic and commercial sources
• Use of polluting fuels like coal, biomass, etc.
  in slums
• Use of DG sets due to frequent power cuts

3
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

• NAMP- National Air Monitoring Program (CPCB)
  comprises of 295 stations covering 98
  cities/towns. 4 criteria air pollutants viz. SO2,
  NOX, SPM and RSPM are regularly monitored.
• CONTENTS
• Ambient AQ status trend analysis of selected
  cities (27) for the period 1998-2002
• Urban agglomerates
• Other smaller cities
• Industrial cities
• Indicator analysis Ambient AQ status of all
  cities (77) for which data is available during
  1998-2002
• Air Quality Index
• Exceedence Indicator

4
Categorization

• Urban agglomerates- Top 10 urban agglomerates
  based on 2001 census data that are the most
  urbanized and highly populated cities of the
  country
• Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore,
  Hyderabad, Pune, Kanpur, Ahmedabad Surat.  
• Other smaller cities- Other important cities,
  which are less populated urbanised than the
  above category.
• Chandigarh, Dehradun, Faridabad, Howrah, Baroda,
  Mysore, Cochin, Bhopal, Jaipur, Shimla Agra.
• Industrial cities- Cities exhibiting high degree
  of industrialization.
• Talcher, Dhanbad, Jharia, Kota, Anpara
  Gajroula.

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Status- Urban Agglomerates
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Status- Urban Agglomerates
7
Status- Smaller Cities
8
Status- Smaller Cities
9
Industrial Cites
10
Industrial Cities
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Trends- Urban Agglomerates
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Air Quality Index
0-25 Clean Air 26-50 Light Air
Pollution 51-75 Moderate Air Pollution 76-100 Heav
y Air Pollution gt100 Severe Air Pollution
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Air Quality Index.

• Classification of cities as per AQI-2002
• Severe Pollution Jodhpur, Agra, Kanpur, Alwar,
  Kolkata, Anpara, Lucknow, Dehradoon, Pune, Delhi,
  Raipur, Faridabad, Rajkot, Gajraula, Sindri,
  Gobindgarh, Solapur, Howrah, Varanasi,
  Jamshedpur, Yamuna Nagar, Jamnagar, Jharia
• Heavy Pollution- Ahmedabad, Baroda, Bhilai,
  Chandigarh, Chandrapur, Jaipur, Jalandhar, Kota,
  Patna, Surat, Udaipur, Vapi
• Moderate Pollution-Nagpur, Angul, Nasik,
  Ankleshwar, Panaji, Bangalore, Paonta Sahib,
  Chennai, Parwanoo, Coimbatore, Rourkela, Damtal,
  Talcher, Guwahati, Vasco, Hyderabad,
  Vishakapatnam, Korba,  Madurai, Mumbai, Mysore
• Low Pollution-Cochin, Haldia, Khozikode,
  Shillong, Pallakad, Pondicherry, Raygada, Salem,
  Tuticorin
• Clean Air-??

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Exceedence Indicator
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Conclusions

• Despite many measures taken in recent years,
  urban AQ still remains a serious cause for
  concern.
• SPM RSPM concentrations are alarmingly high in
  many cities. of monitoring stations violating
  the respective area-wise annual average standards
  for SPM have gone up from 49 in 1998 to 55 in
  2002. Overall in 2002, 83 of the cities violated
  the residential area AQ standard for SPM.
• of cities in the severe and heavy air
  quality index categories, have increased from 50
  to 53 during the period 1998-2002. In 2002, 35
  cities fall under severe and heavy air
  quality index categories.
• The air quality trend analysis for various
  pollutants does not indicate any significant
  improvement.
• Thus, besides consolidating the ongoing
  programmes, new initiatives need to be formulated
  for tackling air pollution.