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The Servant Songs in Second Isaiah

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Israel makes clear to the world Yahweh's sovereignty in experiencing deliverance ... The task that belonged to Israel as servant now belongs to individual servant of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Servant Songs in Second Isaiah


1
The Servant Songs in Second Isaiah
  • 421-4 (5-9)
  • 491-6 (7//5213-5312, 8-12//421-9)
  • 504-9 (10-11)
  • 5213-5312
  • Should they be read separately from the rest of
    the book?

2
Who is the servant?
  • Duhm poems added secondarily by someone who had
    leprosy
  • Mowinckel Second Isaiah himself
  • Sellin 1898 Zerubbabel 1901 Jehoiachin
    1922 Moses
  • Or does the servant represent Israel? the prophet
    and Israel?

3
The Servant in Second Isaiah
  • Word servant appears 21 times in 40-55
  • 19 times singular 2 times plural (4426 5417)
  • 8 times in servant poems 1x Israel 2x not
    Israel 5x unclear
  • 13 times elsewhere 8x explicitly Israel 3x
    implicitly Israel 2 plural

4
The First Servant Poem 421-4
  • v. 1 servant is agent of justice (restoration
    of Gods order in the world) to the nations
    (combines royal and prophetic functions). See
    4027!
  • not by proclamation nor by force
  • Israel makes clear to the world Yahwehs
    sovereignty in experiencing deliverance from
    Babylon

5
Supplement to the first song vv 5-9
  • Breath of humanity has a common source, v. 5
  • Covenant to people, light to nations
  • Opening of eyes, freeing from prison
  • Former things have come to pass new things I now
    declare

6
The Second Servant Poem 491-6
  • Servant reports to nations his pre-natal call
  • The servant as Gods secret weapon
  • You (prophet?) are my servant, you are Israel, in
    whom I will be glorified! v.3
  • I have labored in vain
  • My right is in Yahwehs hands

7
More on Second Servant poem
  • vv. 5-6 servant has mission to Israel and to the
    nations
  • Has the prophet become the true Israel? after
    496 exiles Zion and Jerusalem
  • If the central positive message of Second Isaiah
    is the new Exodus, does the servant figure
    indicate the vocation of those who are to be
    freed?

8
Supplements to the Second Song
  • V. 7 anticipates the suffering and vindicated
    servant of 5213-5312
  • vv. 8-12 associates the servant with the job
    description in 421-9
  • The task that belonged to Israel as servant now
    belongs to individual servant of 491-6
  • Restoration of land, gathering of diaspora, light
    to nations and covenant to people

9
The Third Servant Poem 504-9
  • Psalm of confidence by one who has experienced
    opposition
  • Servant sustains the weary with a word
  • Prophetic Israel (or Second Isaiah?) did not
    rebel
  • Lord Yahweh helps me who can put me in the
    wrong? The one who vindicates me is nearthe
    master of my case

10
Response to third song in 3rd person--5010-11
  • What is the vocation of the those who hear Second
    Isaiahs good news?
  • They walk in darkness but trust in the name of
    Yahweh and lean on God.
  • What is the fate of those who reject the word of
    the servant and light their own fires?
  • They shall lie down in torment (cf. 6624)

11
Structure of the Fourth Song
  • 5213-15 speech of Yahweh announcing ultimate
    destiny of servant (cf. v. 15 with 497)
  • 531-11a Confession of the we about the work of
    the servant. We them in 5315b
  • 5311b-12 Divine speech about servants
    destiny--exalted because of his intercession for
    others and his death

12
The servant and the servants
  • Achievement of the servant 401-5211
  • The work of the servants 541-6624
  • The servant suffers on behalf of the servants
  • The servants suffering and death are Israels,
    on behalf of the nations
  • 5417 566 6317 659, 13, 14, 15 6614

13
The Fourth Servant Poem 531-11a
  • Who is we and us? the nations? The many?
    The servants?
  • Servant made a disgusting appearance people
    could not stand to look at him
  • 534-6 We people change their evaluation of the
    servant
  • He bore our sicknesses, our iniquities, our
    rebellions
  • In the servants wounds is healing for us.

14
The Fourth Servant Poem 531-11a continued
  • The servant never said a mumbling word 537 (cf.
    422)
  • Was the servant killed? Was Second Isaiah
    executed? Did Israel in exile die a metaphorical
    death? 538
  • Servant dies ignominiously 539
  • Servants life a sin offering followed by
    coming vindication 5310

15
The Fourth Servant Poem 5310-12
  • Yahweh again the speaker
  • Through his humiliation/knowledge the servant
    makes the many righteous
  • Final vindication because
  • servant poured himself out unto death
  • servant carried the sins of many (Deut 421-24)
  • servant prayed for them (Deut 925-29)

16
NT echoes
  • If the servant originally is the prophet and/or
    Israel
  • And if Jesus is the servant
  • Then we--in our good confession--are also called
    and empowered to be servants

17
Second Isaiah and the Priestly Writer
  • P looked back to the everlasting covenant with
    the ancestors and to the possibility of
    reestablishing an ideal Mosaic community
  • Second Isaiah Do not remember the former
    things, or consider the things of old. I am
    about to do a new thing now it springs forth, do
    you not perceive it? 4318-19
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