Culture of Indonesia

1

Culture of Indonesia
The 9th century Buddhist monument Borobudur in
Central Java

• Indonesia has around 300 ethnic groups each with
  cultural differences which have shifted over the
  centuries and the concept of Indonesian culture
  is a fusion of this diversity. One example is the
  Borobudur temple which is a mix of Hinduism and
  Javanese culture as it was built by a Javanese
  dynasty the Sailendra. Indonesia has also
  imported cultural aspects from Arabic Chinese
  Malay and European sources.
• Art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by
  several cultures. Traditional Javanese and
  Balinese dances for example contain aspects of
  Hindu culture and mythology as does the Javanese
  and Balinese wayang kulit shadow puppet shows
  depicting several mythological events. Cloth such
  as batik ikat and songket are created across
  Indonesia with different areas having different
  styles and specialisations. The most dominant
  influences on Indonesian architecture have
  traditionally been Indian however European
  architecture has had a significant influence
  particularly from the 19th century. Pencak Silat
  is a unique martial art originating from the
  archipelago.

2
Indonesian music varies within cities and groups
as people who live in the countryside would
listen to a different kind of music than people
in the city. Although rock was introduced in
Indonesia by Indonesian rock band God Bless (see
Ian Antono)native Indonesian music is still
preserved. Examples of Indonesian traditional
music are Gamelan and Keroncong. A more modern
form of Indonesian native music is Dangdut. The
movie industrys popularity peaked in the 1980s
and dominated cinemas in Indonesiaalthough it
fell significantly in the early 1990s.For
instance in 1990 115 local movies were produced
while only 37 movies produced in 1993. However
as of the year 2000 the movie industry has
improved gradually with a number of successful
movies. Media freedom in Indonesia increased
considerably after the end of President Suhartos
rule during which the now-defunct Ministry of
Information monitored and controlled domestic
media and restricted foreign media.The TV market
includes 10 national commercial networks which
compete with public TVRI. Some provinces also
operate their own stations. Private radio
stations carry their own news bulletins and
foreign broadcasters can supply programmes. The
radio dial is crowded with scores of stations on
the air in Jakarta alone. Internet use is
increasing Bisnis Indonesia reported in 2004 that
there were 10 million users.
3
A Wayang kulit shadow puppet performance as seen
by the audience
Balinese boys in Ubud
Minangkabau woman in traditional
dress Minangkabau woman in traditional dress
4
Education of Indonesia

• Early childhood
• From birth until the age of 5 Indonesian
  children do not generally have access to formal
  education. From the age of 5 to 6 or 7 they
  attend kindergarten (Taman Kanak-kanak). This
  education is not compulsory for Indonesian
  citizen as most of the intention of this is to
  prepare them for primary school. These days most
  kindergartens are owned by a private school with
  more than 49 thousands kindergartens 99.35 of
  the total kindergartens in Indonesia1. The
  kindergarten years are usually divided into 2
  Class A and Class B with a year of each class.

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Education

• Elementary School
• Children ages 7-12 attend Sekolah Dasar (SD)
  (literally Elementary School). This level of
  education is compulsory for all Indonesian
  citizens based on the national constitution.
  Quite different with kindergartens in Indonesia
  the most elementary schools are owned by the
  government or public school with 93 of all
  elementary schools. Similar to education in the
  U.S. and Australia all students have to study
  for 6 years to pass this level although some
  schools have offered an acceleration program
  where students can finish the elementary school
  for just 5 years. This can be done with students
  with a higher intelligence quotient or IQ.
• High School
• Based on the national constitution Indonesian
  citizens do not have to attend high school as the
  citizens only require 9 years of education. This
  is also reflected by the number of high schools
  in Indonesia with just slightly below 9000
  schools
• Tertiary education
• After graduation from High school or college
  students may attend a university.

6
An elementary school uniform in Indonesia

• Middle School
• Middle School generally known by the acronym
  SMP (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) is part of
  primary education in Indonesia. Students attend
  Middle School for three years from the age of
  13-15. After three years of schooling and
  graduation students may move on to High School
  or College or cease formal education. There are
  around 22000 schools in Indonesia with a
  balanced ownership between public and private
  sector

7
War in Indonesia

• In Indonesia history there was happen a lot of
  war war to seize our country independence from
  colonialism to defend our country from external
  threat and to put down rebellion

The war before Independence was sporadic and
tribalistic struggle While most of our people
against the Dutch colonialization in our
country many chose to colaborate with Dutch to
capture our own battle leader We not yet had
sense of nationalism
8
Prince Diponegoro fighting against Dutch
occupation In Indonesia later captured by
trapped on negotiation

• The Dutch colonial presence in Indonesia existed
  in various forms for over 300 years until the
  Japanese occupation in the second World
  War.During the war Sukarno a popular leader of
  the Indonesian Nationalist Party cooperated with
  the occupying Japanese with the intention of
  strengthening the independence movement.On August
  17 1945 Sukarno with the Japanese organized
  National Committee of Independence (BPUPKI)
  unilaterally declared Indonesian independence.