Nematode Thresholds and Damage Levels for California Crops

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Nematode Thresholdsand Damage
LevelsforCalifornia Crops

• Howard Ferris

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Some of those involved.

• Dan Ball
• Larry Duncan
• Pete Goodell
• Joe Noling
• Diane Alston
• Sally Schneider
• Lance Beem

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Thresholds by field plot
South Coast Field Station USDA Shafter Tulelake
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Thresholds by transect Imperial and Coachella
Valleys Ventura County Tulare County
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Seinhorst Damage Function

• Ym(1-m)z(Pi-T)
• Yrelative yield
• mminimum yield
• Zregression parameter
• Pipopulation level
• Ttolerance level
• Based on preplant population levels measured or
  predicted from overwinter survival rates

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Case Study on Cotton
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Case Study on Cotton
Meloidogyne incognita, J2/250 cc soil
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Damage Function Parameters for Selected Crops
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Thresholds and Expected Yield Loss
Meloidogyne incognita, J2/250 cc soil adjusted
for extraction efficiency
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Expected Damage
Meloidogyne chitwoodi summer crop potato
Klamath Basin Fall population levels adjusted
for extraction efficiency
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Thresholds and Expected Yield Loss
Heterodera schachtii, eggs/100g soil Sugarbeets
Expected yield loss at different preplant
nematode densities
Data from P.A. Roberts
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Optimized Discrete Model
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Annual Population Change (Host Crop)
120000
100000
80000
60000
Pi1 (Pi2/Pi1)
40000
20000
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Pi1
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Pi1
Annual Population Change (Non-host)
Pi2
1400
Pi3
1200
1000
800
Pi(tx)
600
400
200
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Pi(t)
15
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
Pi(tx)
600
400
200
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Years After Planting Host Crop
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Perennial Crop Considerations
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Some References

• Benedict, J.H., K.M. El-Zik, L.R. Oliver, P.A.
  Roberts, and L.T. Wilson. 1989. Economic injury
  levels for cotton pests. Chapter 6. In
  Integrated Pest Management Systems and Cotton
  Production. R.E. Frisbie, K.M. El-Zik, and L.T.
  Wilson (eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  Pp. 121-153.
• Cooke, D. A., and I. J. Thomason. 1979. The
  relationship between population density of
  Heterodera schachtii, soil temperature, and
  sugarbeet yields. Journal of Nematology
  11124-128.
• Duncan, L. W. and H. Ferris. 1983. Effects of
  Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and cowpeas in
  rotation. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton
  Production Research Conference 22-26.
• Ferris, H. 1984. Probability range in damage
  predictions as related to sampling decisions.
  Journal of Nematology 16246-251.
• Ferris, H. 1985. Population assessment and
  management strategies for plant-parasitic
  nematodes. Agricultural, Ecosystems and
  Environment 12(1984/85)285-299.
• Ferris, H., D. A. Ball, L. W. Beem and L. A.
  Gudmundson. 1986. Using nematode count data in
  crop management decisions. California
  Agriculture 4012-14.
• Ferris, H., H. L. Carlson and B. B. Westerdahl.
  1994. Nematode population changes under crop
  rotation sequences consequences for potato
  production. Agronomy Journal 86340-348.
• Ferris, H., P. B. Goodell and M. V. McKenry.
  1981. Sampling for nematodes. California
  Agriculture 3513-15.
• Goodell, P.B., M. A. McClure, P. A. Roberts, and
  S. H. Thomas 1997. Nematodes. In Integrated
  Pest Management for Cotton in the Western Region
  of the United States. 2nd edition. Univ. of
  California Publ. No. 3305. Pp. 103-110.
• Roberts, P.A. and G.D. Griffin. 1994. The
  economic feasibility of management alternatives.
  In Quantifying Nematode Control. G.D. Griffin
  and P.A. Roberts (eds.). Western Regional
  Research Publication 149, Utah State University
  Press, Logan, UT. Pp. 23-49.

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References
Burt, O. R. and H. Ferris. 1996. Sequential
decision rules for managing nematodes with crop
rotations. J. Nematology 28457-474. Chen, J.,
J.R. Carey and H. Ferris. 2001. Comparative
demography of isogenic populations of
Caenorhabditis elegans Expt. Gerontology
36431-440. Ferris, H. 1978. Nematode economic
thresholds derivation, requirements and
theoretical considerations. J. Nematology
10341-350. Ferris, H. 1985. Density-dependent
nematode seasonal multiplication and overwinter
survivorship a critical point model. J.
Nematology 1793-100. Hsin, H. and C. Kenyon.
1999. Signals from the reproductive system
regulate the lifespan of C. elegans. Nature
399362-366. Kim D.G. and H. Ferris. 2001.
Relationship between crop losses and initial
population densities of Meloidogyne arenaria in
winter-grown oriental melon in Korea. J.
Nematology (subm.) Noling, J.W. and H. Ferris.
1987. Nematode-degree days, a density-time model
for relating epidemiology and crop losses in
perennials. J. Nematology 19108-118. Seinhorst,
J.W. 1965. The relationship between nematode
density and damage to plants. Nematologica
11137-154. Seinhorst, J.W. 1967. The
relationship between population increase and
population density in plant parasitic nematodes.
II. Sedentary nematodes. Nematologica
13157-171. Somers, J.A., H.H. Shorey and L.K.
Gaston. 1977. Reproductive biology and behavior
of Rhabditis pellio (Schneider)
(RhabditidaRhabditidae). J. Nematology
9143-148. More information http//plpnemweb.ucd
avis.edu/nemaplex