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Buddhism and Religions in China

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Elimination of desire is the way to salvation/enlightenment. The Eightfold path to salvation: meditation, vegetarianism, celibacy... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Buddhism and Religions in China


1
Buddhism and Religions in China
2
The Basic Theology of BuddhismFour Noble Truths
  • Life, in all its forms, is suffering
  • Human desire is the cause of suffering
  • Elimination of desire is the way to
    salvation/enlightenment
  • The Eightfold path to salvation meditation,
    vegetarianism, celibacy
  • nirvana extinguished or blown out,
    translated into Chinese as Wu, a Daoist concept

3
Diversification and sectarianism
  • Theravada sects (lesser vehicle) in Sri Lanka,
    southeast Asia
  • Mahayana sects (greater vehicle) in China and
    Japan, including
  • The Pure Land sect Amitabha Buddha, assisted by
    Guanyin Bodhisattva (one who delayed his/her own
    nirvana to help others)
  • Chan (Zen) Buddhism emphasis on intuition, group
    meditation, and the Buddha within doctrine

4
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5
Buddhism in China
  • Reasons for its wide appealing
  • Disillusion of Confucianism and in search of
    comfort in an age of disorder
  • Non-Chinese rulers search for legitimacy
  • Theological flexibility for local adaptation
  • Problems of Buddhism in China
  • Separation of clergy from believers
  • Conflict between monastery and imperial
    authority periodical persecution against
    Buddhist establishments, thus, monasteries need
    for self-defense Shaolin martial arts
  • The White Lotus tradition and rebellion

6
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7
Daoism as a Religion
  • Laozi Dao De Jing
  • Dao, the Way, is a cosmic principle, formless,
    timeless, but generates and sustains the
    universe, everything starts with Dao and
    returns to it
  • Daoism ritualizes this belief in Dao to draw
    power from Dao while doing nothing (wu wei)
  • From the belief in the oneness between nature and
    man to the pursuit of longevity immortality
  • Deities worshiped xian (?) immortals,
    perfected individuals who live in the mountain,
    feed on the wind, sip the dew, and experience
    ecstatic flight they blended with Dao

8
An Immortal ascending to a celestial palace, a
painting of 1750 ca.
9
Daoist Rituals
  • The great jiao ceremony represents the pinnacle
    of Daoist ritual practice in China. Dating in
    part to the fifth century CE, the jiao is known
    for its beautiful vestments, elaborate
    altarpieces, and powerful music. It is usually
    performed around the time of the winter solstice,
    when the creative yang force is believed to be on
    the verge of renewal. The picture is a Daoist
    priests robe with cloud motifs.

10
Daoist Practices
  • Practice
  • Alchemy herb medicine (outer elixir)
  • Meditation martial arts (inner elixir)
  • Hermitage in mountains woods
  • Traveling or resident medicine men, magicians,
    exorcists
  • Sectarian movements, secret societies, and
    rebellions Falun Gong, another Daoist rebellious
    group? http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong

11
Chinese Popular Religion the Realm of Spirits
(?) and Ghosts (?)
  • Popular religion a combination of Buddhism,
    Daoism, local legends historical make-beliefs
  • The permeation of spirits in the air, in the
    sky, in every kitchen, the God of Stove (??) all
    of them have human faces
  • Ancestral warship is the centerpiece of popular
    religion (??)

12
The Spirits of Sun and Moon/the Door God
13
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14
The God of Fortune was Guan Yu/Chairman Mao is
becoming a god
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