Co-products of sugarcane bioethanol

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Co-products of sugarcane bioethanol
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Schedule

• Introduction
• Sugar and derivates
• Bioelectricity
• Other co-products of sugarcane bioethanol

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Introduction

• Besides bioethanol, the sugarcane agroindustry
• produces sugar and electric power
• Economic importance of the sector
• This chapter discusses the manufacture of other
• sugarcane based products that already enjoy well
• established technologies and functioning markets

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Sugar and derivates

• More than 130 countries produce sugar
• Worldwide production (06/07) 164.5 million tons
• 78 of this total is produced from sugarcane
• The remaining is produced from sugar beets
• Lower cost of sugarcane production
• Production in developing countries is increasing
• Share of the worldwide supply of sugar from 67
  in 2000 to 72 by 2010

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Sugar and derivates

• 69 of worldwide production is consumed in the
  country of origin
• Main sugar producing and exporting countries for
  2006/2007 harvest

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Market of Sugar

• Variations in the volume produced in each country
  may provoke significant changes in price.
• Market conditions of other sweeteners (high
  fructose corn syrup - 18 of the global market
  for sweeteners)
• Increases in the price of corn
• Gain of market by the sugarcane industry

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Market of Sugar

• Worldwide consumption growing steadily at an
  annual rate of 2 through the last decades
• Developing countries mainly responsible for this
  growth
• Indian market per capita consumption of
• sugar increased from 6 kg/year to 17 kg/year
• traditional sweeteners declined from 14
  kg/year to 9 kg/year.

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Market of Sugar

• Per capita consumption of sugar in several
  countries

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Market of Sugar

• Higher value sweeteners have emerged in the
  sugarcane industry
• Organic sugar and sugars blended with low calorie
  sweeteners (aspartame or sucralose)

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Organic sugar

• Changes in consumer behaviors
• Favoring products considered healthy
• or those with fewer chemical additives
• Lucrative market for the sugarcane agroindustry
  with
• positive environmental implications for sugarcane
• processing and production.

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Organic sugar

• Organic production implies
• feedstock be cultivated without pesticides
• conservation and sustainable management of
  natural resources such as soil and water
• protection of faunal and floral biodiversity in
  agricultural areas

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Organic sugar Benefits for the sugarcane industry

• Sugarcane that are naturally resistant to pests
• Soil fertility is preserved
• High standards for environmental protection in
  the industrial phase of production
• Minimal use of chemicals and sophisticated
  procedures for process control, monitoring of
  operations, and safety.
• Energy efficiency

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Current Sugar News

• Concerns about a possible extension of the
  global sugar deficit gave new impetus to the
  price of the product (Folha de S.Paulo,
  16/10/2009)
• The average price per ton of sugar shipped
  abroad was US 321,15 in the first nine months of
  the year, according to the Ministry of
  Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). The
  value is US 40,28 above the average of US
  280,87 obtained by the ton during the past year.
  (Agroind, 14/10/2009)

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Bioelectricity

• The energy comes from the bagasse
• The sugar cane straw is also being used
• About one third of solar energy that is absorbed
  is fixed as sugar
• Gaining increase interest
• In order to meet the energy requirements,
  sugarcane industry produce energy from bagasse

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Bioelectricity

• Key distinguishing feature of sugarcane in
  relation to the other feedstocks

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How to produce energy from bagasse

• High-pressure steam produced by the heat released
  by burning bagasse in boilers drives steam
  turbines for electric power production and
  mechanical drivers.
• The low-pressure exhaust steam meets the thermal
  energy requirements.

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The evolution of energy balance

• 1980 - plants in the state of São Paulo purchased
  40 of the electric power they consumed
• 1990 - the plants were self-sufficient with
  regard to their electric power needs and in cases
  produced a surplus for sale
• The processing of one ton of sugarcane, yields
  about 250 kg of bagasse, which can generate 500
  kg to 600 kg of steam, close to the 400 kg to 600
  kg of steam consumed in the processing

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• By careful management of steam requirements and
  by installing more efficient boilers, it is
  possible to achieve a surplus of bagasse.
• Gains are possible almost without varying the
  quantity of fuel, it is possible to increase the
  electric power generated by installing boilers
  and turbines that operate with steam at higher
  pressures and temperatures
• However, the use of higher pressures implies
  proportionately larger investments.

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The future growth

• In 2006, the sugar industry has generated 2 of
  the Brazilian electricity
• In 2015, can reach 15 of the current power
  capacity of Brazilian electric plants
• From 2001 to 2005, the supply of electric energy
  from sugarcane grew at an annual rate of 67

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Ambiental Advantages

• The use of bagasse for generating electric power
  could reduce carbon emissions, as it would
  substitute fuel oil burned in thermoelectric
  plants
• Conventional thermoelectric technologies
  generally convert into useful power about 30,
  while the bioelectricity of the sugarcane
  industry 85
• The reduction of emissions is estimated to be
  about 0.55 tons of CO2 equivalents per ton of
  used bagasse

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Future Possibilities

• In an assessment of future possibilities for
  energy conversion in the sugarcane agroindustry,
  its an estimate that up to 59 of the total
  energy content of sugarcane may be recovered as
  biofuel and bioelectricity, a much better yield
  than the current 38.
• And more specifically concerning electric power
  it would be possible to reach more than 510
  kWh/ton.
• Nowadays, new plants reach 70 kWh/ton

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Other co-products of sugarcane bioethanol

• This market is quite promising
• Comprised of environmentally friendly products
• In some cases, products are used in economically
  important sectors.
• The necessary investments in plant infrastructure
  are relatively minor, especially in the context
  of the overall cost of a bioethanol plant

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Other co-products of sugarcane bioethanol

• Processes to develop new products from sugarcane
  is moving in two directions
• 1) The sugar-alcohol agroindustry is
  diversifying its
• product line
• 2) Other industrial sectors, such as the food
  and
• chemical sectors, are increasingly incorporating
  sugarcane by products as raw materials

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Other co-products of sugarcane bioethanol

• 60 technologies in several industrial sectors,
  including
• Molasses
• Yeast
• Bagasse
• Filter cake
• Vinasse
• Aguardente
• Carbon dioxide
• Flavour enhancers for the food industry
• Packing plastic

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Molasses

• The liquid or residual honey of sugar
  manufacturing
• Used as a feedstock for bioethanol production in
  distilleries
• Animal feed
• Culture of bacteria and fungi in other
  fermentation processes (hemical and
  pharmaceutical products)
• Production of yeast

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Yeast

• Low cost protein supplement
• Component of animal feed
• Food industry

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Bagasse

• Is chiefly valued as a fuel
• (great energy capacity)
• Source of cellulose for the
• paper and cardboard industries
• Ceramic industry
• Orange processing
• Incorporate sources of nitrogen for its use in
  bovine feed

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Vinasse and filter cake

• Add value as fertilizers, as they are used within
  the sugarcane agroindustry itself.
• Many plants send most of the vinasse they produce
  to reform and maintain the fertility of their
  sugarcane fields.

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Aguardente(alcoholic drinks)
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Carbon dioxide

• Production of carbonated beverages
• and dry ice, sodium bicarbonate
• manufacturing and the treatment of
• effluents.

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Citric acid

• Using cultures of the fungus
• Aspergillus niger in molasses substrate
• dissolved in water
• Used extensively as a food preservative, and adds
  
• flavour as well
• Used for cleaning industrial equipment and in the
  
• manufacturing of detergents