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Prevention Diabetes

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Facts on Prevention Diabetes. Primary prevention protects susceptible individuals from developing diabetes. ... Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Prevention Diabetes


1
Prevention Diabetes
  • Dr Abir Youssef

2
What is diabetes
  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that
    characterised by raised plasma glucose levels. 
  • Diabetes, results from the bodys inability to
    produce or use insulin properly, resulting in
    high levels of blood sugar. 

3
Classification of diabetes
  • Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of
    insulin resistance and some degree of insulin
    deficiency.
  • Type 1, the body produces no insulin. More than
    80 of recognised diabetes is Type 2 and most of
    the remainder is Type 1.

4
Classification of diabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) developing
    during some cases of pregnancy but usually
    disappears after pregnancy.
  • Impaired glucose regulation/Impaired fasting
    glucose
  • Other rare forms include maturity-onset diabetes
    of the young (MODY)

5
Diabetes the size of the problem
  • WHO estimate prevalence of diabetes for all age-
    groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8 in 2000
    and 4.4 in 2030.
  • Estimated rise in number from 171 million in 2000
    to 366 million in 2030.
  • 150 rise in developing countries by 2030.
  • Number of deaths attributed to diabetes was
    previously estimated at just over 800,000.

6
The costs of diabetes
  • Direct costs
  • Direct costs to individuals and their families
    include medical care, drugs, insulin and other
    supplies
  • Direct costs to the healthcare sector include
    hospital services, physician services,
  • Overall, direct health care costs of diabetes
    range from 2.5 to 15 annual health care
    budgets, depending on local diabetes prevalence
    and the sophistication of the treatment
    available.

7
The costs of diabetes
  • Indirect costs
  • Sickness, absence, disability, premature
    retirement or premature mortality can cause loss
    of productivity.
  • Estimating the cost to society of this loss of
    productivity is not easy. Pain, anxiety,
    inconvenience and other factors which decrease
    quality of life are intangible costs, which are
    just as heavy.

8
Facts on Prevention Diabetes
  • The heavy social and economic costs
  • of type 2 diabetes
  • (including its role in other diseases,
  • such as heart disease
  • and stroke) mean that primary
  • prevention must be a priority.

9
Facts on Prevention Diabetes
  • pre-diabetes can prevent the development of type
    2 diabetes by making changes in their lifestyle.
  • Effective prevention also means more
    cost-effective healthcare.

10
Facts on Prevention Diabetes
  • Primary prevention protects susceptible
    individuals from developing diabetes. It has an
    impact by reducing or delaying both the need for
    diabetes care and the need to treat diabetes
    complications.

11
Facts on Prevention Diabetes
  • Secondary prevention includes early detection,
    prevention and treatment. Appropriate action
    taken at the right time is beneficial in terms of
    quality of life, and is cost-effective,
    especially if it can prevent hospital admission

12
Primary prevention
Primary prevention
Weight Loss
Stop Smoking
Physical Activity
13
Primary prevention
  • Lifestyle Changes Can Prevent Diabetes
  • Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
    Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes
  • Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention
  • Smoking Predisposes to Type 2 Diabetes

14
Taking Action to Prevent Diabetes
  • Change will come more easily if everyone is
    involved.

15
Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
Lowering of the Risk of
Diabetes
  • 1. Body-Mass Index Obesity in adults is assessed
    using the body-mass index (BMI body weight in
    kg divided by the square of body height in
    meters) The higher the body-mass index, the
    higher the morbidity and mortality risks become.
  • The risk of diabetes increases 15-fold as the
    body-mass index rises from 23 kg/m2 to 35 kg/m2.

16
Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes
  • 2. Waist Circumference
  • The body-mass index does not indicate the
    distribution of body fat, and waist circumference
    is therefore also used as a measure of obesity
    and the associated health risks.

17
Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes
  • Treatment of obesity will prevent illness
    development in individuals at risk and improve
    quality of life and prevent late complications in
    those already affected.
  • In recent years, attention has been increasingly
    focused on the incidence of central obesity which
    has been found to strongly predict risks of type
    2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

18
Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention
  • Physical activity decreases insulin resistance
    and can aid in both preventing type 2 diabetes
    mellitus and managing the disease.
  • Physical activity has an insulin-like effect --
    it can help lower blood sugar levels.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest that physical
    activity can reduce the risk of
    non-insulin-dependent diabetes by up to 50
    percent.

19
Smoking Predisposes to Type 2 Diabetes
  • Studies shown correlation between smoking and
    the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  • The risk is dose-dependent the longer you smoke,
    the higher the risk.

20
Recommendations
  • Change will come more easily if everyone is
    involved.
  • prevention diabetes can be on different levels
    individuals, community, local government and
    national levels.

21
Recommendations
  • The government should work to reduce health
    inequality and improve the environment factor by
    improving the deprived areas and controlling
    safety and making the streets safe for walking or
    cycling to school or the workplace, promoting and
    improving access to sport and leisure facilities,
    as well as encouraging physical activity

22
Recommendation
  • Parents of overweight children should be helped
    to take responsibility and encourage healthy
    eating and physical activity.
  • Anti- smoking behaviour should be promoted by
    implementing legal action.

23
Conclusions
  • Understanding environmental factors can
    contribute to a better understanding of the
    nature of diabetes as well as contribute to
    tackling it.
  • A healthy population requires a healthy
    environment where all have the ability and
    opportunity to follow a healthy lifestyle.
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