URBAN CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

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URBAN CADASTREIN ETHIOPIA

• Presented to ALGAF
• By Daniel Tadesse
• April 2006
• Addis Ababa Ethiopia

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Topics/Contents

• BACKROUND
• Historical Development
• Types of Cadastre
• Basic Components of Cadastre
• URBAN CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
• Historical
• Current Status
• EFFORTS MADE PROBLEMS
• CONCLUSION SOME KEY ISSUES

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BACKGROUND

• A CADASTRE is
• An official public record usually maintained
  to register the ownership rights of land in a
  given jurisdiction. It records location physical
  description value any improvement on the
  parcel rights to the parcel (occupancy
  ownership right of way etc) as well as the
  exact nature of these rights.

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BACKGROUND CONT

• HISTORICAL
• There are twofold interests that initiated
  cadastre or land registration
  
• Owner of the land
• The government
• Evidences that confirm land registration
  activity since the early stage of human
  development
  
• The Holly Bible
• Tombs in Ancient Egypt
• The Romans
• The activity of cadastre as a modern
  systematic way emerged in Europe Particularly
  France (the famous French cadastre by 1807).
  
• Today in most of the developed world land
  related information serves different purpose with
  the use of advanced technology.
  
• However in most of the developing world it is
  difficult to find real cadastre or land
  registration system.

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BACKGROUND CONT

• TYPES OF CADASTRE
• Cadastres can be divided into three types
• Fiscal
• Legal and
• Multipurpose cadastre

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BACKGROUND CONT

• COMPONENTS OF CADASTRE
• a) Land Registration
• Every land administration system should include
  some sort of land registration
  
• Land registration provides safe and certain
  foundation of the acquisition enjoyment and
  disposal of rights in land
  
• The main purpose of registration is to keep
  records.

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BACKGROUND CONT

• b) Property Taxation
• Agricultural Settlements
• Valuation (Market Income Potential)
• Basic Municipal Income

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BACKGROUND CONT

• c) Cadastral Surveying Mapping
• Carried out for the purpose of providing
  information for the drawing of cadastral map.
  
• Cadastral map refers to any map on scale large
  enough to show every field or plot of land and
  buildings.
  
• Three sets of complimentary techniques of
  cadastral surveying are common field/ground
  surveying photogrametry and remote sensing

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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

• a) Land Tenure Registration
• The Absence of Capital City until 1886 Prevented
  the Emergence of Property in Land
  
• The 1907 First Land Related Proclamation
  Recognized Private Ownership
  
• The 1931 1955 first revised Constitutions
  further secured Citizens the Right to Keep the
  Land they Own

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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

• Land Tenure Registration Cont
• PROC. No. 47/1975 Nationalized Urban Land
  Extra Houses
  
• Proclamation No. 80 of 1993 issued a Decree
  stating that all urban land is to be governed by
  the lease policy
  
• Lease is being practiced almost in all urban
  centers

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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

• Land Tenure Registration Cont..
• Voluntary Obligatory Registration Registrations
  of lands are of different type
  
• Registration of New Allocations
• Registration of Old Occupations
• Registration of Subdivision
• Registration of Transfers

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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

• b) Property Taxation
• The 1907 Proclamation obliges every landholder to
  pay an annual tax of 5 per 1000 of the assessed
  value
  
• Lack of cadastre makes Difficult Valuation
• Land tax is paid based on the land area location
  land use

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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA

• c) Surveying Mapping
• Since its establishment the EMA produces large
  scale aerial photographs ranging from 18000 to
  120000
  
• For planning purpose it also provides maps on
  scales 12000 12500 15000 and 110000
  
• Old and un updated aerial photographs maps

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EFFORTS SO FAR EXERTED

• Cadastre System in Addis Ababa after the 1907
  proclamation by technical assistance from France
  
• Establishment of Multipurpose cadastre system
  project around 1995
  
• Cadastre Projects in Four Regional Towns with a
  Technical Assistance of GTZ
  
• Currently Federal Government Project.

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EFFORTS CONT

• However all these efforts could not be
  Successful because
  
• Less or no support from decision makers
• Less or no adequate technical knowledge about
  cadastre
  
• Institutional legal and financial problems
• Absence or weak central coordination
• All the projects rushed to implementation
  without any project document
  
• Absence or lack of appropriate trainings
• Lack of qualified manpower Poor or no quality
  control mechanism
  
• Underutilization of modern instruments and
• Lack of capacity or initiative to create
  awareness at all levels or for all stakeholders.

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PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED

• The main problems and reasons which initiate the
  need for establishing a cadastral or land
  information system
  
• a) Inadequate and incomplete transfer
  registration.
  
• b) Considerable residents in urban areas lack
  title for their property.
  
• c) Increasing land disputes.

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PROBLEMS CONT

• d) Problems identified in the process of
  assessment by the Municipality
  
• Absence of sufficient information for valuation
• That there is no appealing procedure
• There is no accountability or checking mechanisms
  
  
• There is no specifically assigned and trained
  personnel
  
• the whole procedure of assessment is free for
  back door dealings.

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PROBLEMS CONT

• e) Squatter settlements or illegal constructions
  are growing alarmingly
  
• f) Due to lack of sufficient information it is
  impossible to plan and implement development
  projects.
  
• g) Inadequate revenue collection from land and
  building.

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Conclusion Some Key Issues

• The need for land information system has become
  an urgent necessity.
  
• Many cities are currently considering GIS as a
  vital tool in their strategy to improve the
  quality and control of urban planning and
  management
• Towns in our country would benefit a lot from
  establishing an evolutionary cadastral system.

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Conclusion Some Key Issues

• Decide which government organ and at which level
  is to be responsible. Because information
  concerning land is of common interest to various
  agencies.
• Improve the institutional capacity of
  municipalities. Moreover make sure that data
  collection is not an end by itself.
  
• Introduce proper methods of valuation for
  properties.

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Conclusion Some Key Issues

• Make the public and other potential users of
  cadastral system aware of the purpose benefits
  and obligatory procedures.
  
• Consider the activity establishing the system as
  a process rather than an end by itself.
  
• Cadastre and land registration require a proper
  legal basis.

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Urban Cadastre In Ethiopia