Light

1
Light

• Stop Faking It!

2
Strand Force, Motion, and Energy

• SOL 5.3 The student will investigate and
  understand basic characteristics of white light.
  Key concepts include
• The visible spectrum, light waves, reflection,
  refraction, diffraction, opaque, transparent,
  translucent
• Optical tools (eyeglasses, lenses, flashlight,
  camera, kaleidoscope, binoculars, microscope
  light boxes, telescope, prism, spectroscope,
  mirrors) and
• Historical contributions in light

3
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Explain the relationships between wavelength and
  the color of light. Name the colors of the
  visible spectrum.
• ROYGBIV

4
Vocabulary

• Visible spectrum (visible light) a combination
  of several different wavelengths of light
  traveling together. It is part of the
  Electromagnetic Spectrum.

5
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Diagram and label a representation of a light
  wave (wavelength, peak, trough)

6
Vocabulary

• Waves a disturbance which carries energy and
  that travels away from the starting point.
• Wavelength the distance between one crest of a
  wave and the next crest (distance between
  compressions) red is longest and violet is
  shortest
• Peak the highest point of a light wave
• Trough the lowest point of a light wave
• Frequency the number of waves (light or sound)
  produced in a given unit of time, such as a second

7
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Compare and contrast reflection and refraction

Reflection Refraction
8
Vocabulary

• Reflection the bouncing of light from a surface
• Refraction the bending of light as it passes
  through one material to another

9
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Design an investigation to determine what happens
  to light as it passes through a convex lens.
  Describe the results.

A convex lens causes light to converge, or focus,
producing an image that is smaller than the
original object.
10
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Design an investigation to determine what happens
  to light as it passes through a concave lens.
  Describe the results.

A concave lens causes light to diverge, or spread
out, producing a larger image than the original.
11
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Identify some common optical tools, and describe
  whether each has lenses, mirrors, and/or prisms
  in it. These should include
• eyeglasses
• flashlights
• cameras
• binoculars
• microscopes

12
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Eyeglasses have lenses

13
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Flashlight has lenses and a mirror

14
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Cameras have lenses, mirrors, and a prism

15
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Binoculars have lenses and prisms

16
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Microscope has lenses

17
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Explain the terms transparent, translucent, and
  opaque, and give an example of each.

Plastic wrap Wax paper Aluminum
Foil Transparent Translucent Opaque
18
Vocabulary

• Transparent materials that allow all light to
  pass through
• Translucent letting light through but
  scattering it
• Opaque materials that do not let light through
• Transmit to send (as in sound or light). It
  also means light passing through an object.

19
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Analyze the effects of a prism on white light and
  describe why this occurs. Explain why a rainbow
  occurs.

20
Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Processes

• Describe the contributions of these scientists in
  creating and using optical tools
• Galileo Galilei
• Robert Hooke
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Isaac Newton

21
Galileo Galilei

• Italian
• Lived from 1564-1642
• Developed the refracting telescope
• Developed the first known example of the
  microscope

22
Robert Hooke

• English
• Lived from 1635-1703
• Devised the compound microscope and illumination
  system
• Discovered plant cells
• Examined fossils with a microscope

23
Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Dutch born in Holland
• Lived 1632-1723
• Made over 500 simple microscopes
• Discovered bacteria, free-living and parasitic
  microscopic protists

24
Isaac Newton

• English
• Lived from 1643-1727
• Discovered that white light was not a simple
  entity, but splits into a range of colors
• When he passed white light through a glass prism,
  he noted that a spectrum of light was formed
  particle theory of light
• Reflecting telescope