BRAIN DRAIN

1

• BRAIN DRAIN
• Issues
• Research
• Policies Interventions
• Caglar Ozden
• DECRGJanuary 2007

2
Brain Drain Issues

• Growth Development Investment
• Role of Human Capital
• Lost Positive Externalities
• Key Public Services
• Medical Services
• Education RD
• Fiscal Impact
• Expenditure Lost tax Revenue

3
Brain Drain Issues

• Are there no benefits?
• Remittances??
• Technology transfer
• Return Circular Migration
• Integration w/ Global Economy
• Other Diaspora externalities

4
Brain Drain Issues

• Million Dollar Question
• Do we have the right to limit migration?
• Do we have the right to tell people they can not
  migrate?
  

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Brain Drain Research

• Most Comprehensive Database to Date (2005)
• Data from 190 countries
• 3 Education levels
• Both 1990 2000
• New Extensions
• Place of Education
• Gender
• 1970 1980
• Specific Professions - Medicine

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Brain Drain
Share of Educated Population Living Abroad
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Brain Drain
Share of Population Living Abroad
Total
Tertiary educated
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Brain Drain
9
Brain Drain
10
Brain Drain
11
Brain Drain
Share of Labor Force Living Abroad,
Selected Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Gambia
Ghana
Kenya
Madagascar
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Total
Tertiary educated
12
Brain Drain
Migrants from Developing Countries in 2000 (Mil.)
Others
Tertiary
13
Brain Drain
14
Brain Drain
Migrants to France by Age of Migration, 1990
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Morocco
Tunisia
Cote d'Ivoire
Senegal
Niger
Turkey
Poland
Albania
0-11
12-17
18-21
15
Brain Drain
16
Brain Drain
17
Brain Waste
Percent of College Educated Migrants in Skilled
Jobs in 2000
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Brain Drain Research

• Brain Gain Brain Waste
• Brain Drain Small States
• Brain Drain Economic Growth
• Medical Brain Drain HIV in Africa
• GHANA HEALTH SYSTEM REFORM

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Brain Drain Policies Interventions

• Do we really have a problem?
• small isolated countries
• Large developing countries
• Europe Japan?
• Fiscal Impact
• Bhagwati Tax?
• Turkish Military Service Exemption (if you pay!)
• Private Education a la the Philippines?

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Brain Drain Policies Interventions

• Educational Reform
• Private education
• Mandatory service
• Restrictions on mobility
• Services Delivery
• Reforming labor markets
• Healthcare services in Africa

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Brain Drain Policies Interventions

• Destination Country Policies
• Should Britain limit recruitment of nurses from
  Africa?
  
• Mutual Recognition of Diplomas
• Citizenship Policies
• Multilateral Policy Coordination
• Trade in Service why cant the patient travel?
• Temporary migration policies
• Linkages with goods trade and FDI

22
Brain Drain Issues

• Million Dollar Question
• Do we have the right to limit migration?
• Do we have the right to tell people they can not
  migrate?