Chapter 14 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1
Chapter 14MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Urology is the specialty that deals with this
  system

2
REVIEW OF REPRODUCTIVE TERMS

• Gonads (gonad/o)
• Male testicle
• Female ovary
• Gonads produce male and female sex cells
• Called gametes (gamet/o)
• Male sperm
• Female ova
• Meeting/joining of sperm and ova creates a zygote
  (zyg/o)
• Cells begins multiplying - new life

3
Anatomy Physiology

• Male reproductive system components
• Andr/o male
• External organs genitalia
• Scrotum
• Testes
• Penis
• Internal
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral gland (Cowpers)
• Ducts Deferens
• GU tract structure
• Urethra

4
STRUCTURES

• Scrotum
• Sac that contains testes (testicles)
• Suspended outside the body, behind the penis
• Keeps testes at a lower temperature than rest of
  body
• Testes (testis one) Orchi/o, Orchid/o
• Each is an egg-shaped gland
• About 1 ½ x 1 (adults)
• Contain 1,000 coiled long structures called
  seminiferous tubules
• Produce male hormone testosterone
• Male secondary sexual characteristics
• Site of development of sperm

5
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
6
PENIS

• Male organ of copulation
• Enters vagina during intercourse
• Deposits sperm
• Composed of erectile tissue covered with skin
  which fills with blood when aroused
• Cylinder-shaped shaft
• Tip glans penis (balan/o)
• Cone shaped head of penis
• Site of urethral orifice (meatus)
• Covering - glans - retractable loose tissue
  called foreskin or prepuce

7
STRUCTURE OF PENIS
8
SPERM/RELATED STRUCTURES

• Sperm/o, spermat/o
• Develop within seminiferous tubules
• Epididymis
• Storage site for sperm (10-20 days)
• Long tube Long duct along and behind testes
• Sperm develop and mature
• Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
• Vas duct or vessel
• Excretory duct of testes

9
OTHER STRUCTURES

• Seminal Vesicles
• Glands that produce about 60 of volume of semen
  (seminal fluid)
• Slightly alkaline
• Thick, yellowish
• Contains type of sugar to nourish sperm
• Join to form ejaculatory duct
• Prostate gland
• Walnut-shaped, below bladder, surrounds first
  inch of urethra
• Produces a milky fluid - 30 of semen
• Aids in mobility of sperm
• Cowpers gland 5 of seminal fluid
• Pea-shaped, under prostate
• Produce a mucus secretion before ejaculation that
  becomes part of semen

10
WELLNESS ILLNESS

• General
• Testes develop in abdomen and descend along
  inguinal canal in the groin, into scrotum before
  birth
• Onset of puberty
• Testes begin to grow
• Development of secondary sex characteristics
• Completed in 3-5 years
• Tanner staging
• Rating scale to establish sexual maturity

11
INFANCY

• Malformations of urinary meatus
• Epispadias
• Opening on dorsum of penis
• Hypospadias
• Opening on ventral side of penis
• Abnormalities of testes
• Anorchidism
• Cryptorchidism (crypt/o hidden)
• One of both testes fail to descend into scrotum
  by birth
• Problems infertility, increased Ca incidence
• Polyorchidism

12
INFANCY (cont)

• Abnormalities of genitalia
• Ambiguous genitalia
• Sex organs not clearly identified at birth
• Hermaphroditism
• Infant has male and female sexual tissues

13
ABNORMALITIES OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
14
CHILDHOOD

• Varicocele
• Varicose veins in the spermatic cord
• Hydrocele
• Collection of fluid within testis
• Testicular torsion
• Abnormal rotation of testis within scrotum

15
ADOLESCENCE

• Testicular Cancer
• Men younger than 40
• Most common form of cancer in men between 20 and
  35
• First sign painless lump
• Spreads via lymph system
• Priapism
• Prolonged erection
• Often seen with sickle cell anemia
• Blockage to blood flow from the penis

16
ADULTS SENIORS

• Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
• Enlargement of prostate gland (prostat/o)
• Common as men age
• Compresses on the urethra
• Symptoms urgency, weak stream, difficulty
  starting, frequency
• Prostate cancer
• Older men
• Measure PSA (prostate specific antigen) blood
  level
• Prostatic ultrasound

17
GENERAL INFORMATION

• Impotence (erectile dysfunction)
• Inability to have an erection
• Failure to initiate or maintain an erection
• Sterility
• Diminished or absent sperm production
• Aspermatogenesis
• Aspermia
• Oligospermia
• Can do semen analysis

18
GENERAL INFORMATION (cont)

• Infections
• Balantitis
• Orchitis
• Epididymitis
• Prostatitis
• Phimosis
• Narrowing of opening of prepuce
• Preventing its being drawn back over glans

19
PROCEDURES

• Circumcision
• Surgical removal of the foreskin
• Religious/hygiene reasons
• Orchidorraphy
• Repair of undescended testicle
• Testicle is fixed within scrotum - orchiopexy
• Prostate
• Prostatectomy
• TURP
• Resection through urethra
• Vasectomy
• Birth control method

20
DRUGS

• Hormone replacement agents
• Android
• Androderm
• Erectile dysfunction therapy to increase blood
  flow to penis
• Viagra
• Levitra
• Cialis
• Treatment of BPH
• Proscar
• Hytrin