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Puritan History

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Title: Puritan History


1
Comunicación y Gerencia
  • Puritan History

Unit One
2
Constantine sees a vision
Theocracy
Government by a god or by officials claiming
divine sanction
All that nations had known from the time of
Constantine, the Roman emperor who made
Christianity the state religion
Persecution of dissenting viewpoints was the
common practice of all churches in the 15th and
16th centuries.
3
Why were there Puritans?
In Germany, Martin Luther, a Catholic priest and
university, professor became concerned about the
abuses he saw in the hierarchy of the church. In
1517, in accordance with academic etiquette of
the day, he nailed a sheet of 95 theses to the
church door in Wittenberg. Never intended to
create a new church, only to make changes in the
Catholic church. Excommunicated by church in 1520
MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546)
4
John Calvin
  • French Reformer, born Jean Chauvin, or Caulvin
  • Founder of Reformed Church Congregational
    Church Presbyterian Church
  • Under went a conversion experience in 1533.
  • Forced to leave France, emigrated to Geneva where
    he organized the Reformed Church
  • Some of his teachings form the first basis for
    democracy

5
What did the Puritans believe?
  • John Calvins TULIP
  • Total Depravity
  • Unconditional Election
  • Limited Atonement
  • Irresistible Grace
  • Perseverance of the Saints

6
Meanwhile, back in England . . .
1. Henry VIII wants a divorce from Catherine of
Aragon, who cannot bear him a male heir.
3. Henry VIII, being who he is, makes his own
church.
2. Pope says, NO.
Thomas Cranmer becomes the first Protestant
Archbishop of Canterbury
7
Who are the Puritans?Englishmen!
  • Luthers and Calvins teaching are introduced to
    England during short reign of Edward VI
    (1547-53). Think The Prince and the Pauper.
  • Puritanism covered a period from the1550s to
    about 1700
  • Originally developed in England to purify the
    Anglican church of the trappings of Catholicism

8
Then how did they get here?
  • Mary Tudor (1553-1558) reinstated Catholicism.
    Harsh Protestant persecution ensued. Many
    Puritans fled to the Netherlands or other
    European countries.
  • Elizabeth (1558-1603) ended imprisonments and
    slayings, but passed acts calling for uniformity
    within the Anglican church (no reform) and
    eventually passed an Act Against Puritanism,
    forbidding Puritan ministers from holding any
    church office that allowed them a pulpit.

Mary Tudor Queen of England
9
James I (1603-1625) was sympathetic toward
Calvinism, but recognized that its democratic
tendencies were a threat to his throne. As a
result, he used his power as the head of the
Anglican Church to dismiss Puritan clergymen,
although he did commission an English translation
of the Bibleknown as the King James Version.
From 1604-1609, many Puritan ministers were
suspended from office and left England for the
Netherlands, including William Bradford, future
governor of Plymouth colony.
10
A Separatist movement developed within the
Puritans. They had given up on purifying the
church deciding that only a separate movement
could succeed.
Plymouth Colony
William Bradford,Governor of the Plymouth Colony
One small group, the Scrooby Congregation from
Nottingham, broke completely with the Church of
England. Moving first to Holland in 1607, fear
of assimilation and lack of religious fervor led
them to leave for a new land devoyd of all
civill inhabitants in 1620. These people we call
Pilgrims.
11
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A group of Puritans, led by John Winthrop and
Thomas Dudley, persuaded King James to grant
them an area of land between the Massachusetts
Bay and Charles River in North America. The
main party of 700 people left Southampton in
April 1630. The party included John Winthrop,
Thomas Dudley, William Pychon, Simon and Anne
Bradstreet. During the 1630s over 20,000 people
emigrated to Massachusetts Bay.
12
Most of the settlers of Plymouth were poor and
work-class. The settlers of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony were much wealthier and of higher
social standing. They came as Puritans in the
true sense, not Separatists. While the Pilgrims
of Plymouth are more celebrated in our memories,
the Massachusetts Bay colony had more lasting
impact.
Boston today
Plymouth today
13
History of Religion in the Colonies
  • Religious zeal waned in the early 1700s,
    ushering in The Great Awakening around 1720.
  • John Edwards and George Whitefield
  • Led to religious revival in the colonies, but not
    necessarily Puritanism.
  • Puritanism in decline by 1750.

14
Lasting Effects of Puritans
  • Emphasis on Simplicity in Worship
  • Public Education
  • High Moral Standards
  • Democratic Political Principles
  • Puritan Ethic Believed good was accomplished
    through hard work, self-reliance, and
    self-discipline. Influenced industrialism and
    efficiency.

Harvard University
15
Puritan Literature
  • Purpose for Literature
  • provide spiritual insight and instruction
  • Mostly sermons, theological studies, and hymns

16
Style of literature
  • Puritan Style - plain writing style with a clear
    statement
  • Characterized by short words, direct statements,
    and references to ordinary, everyday objects
  • Simple, Spiritual, Straightforward

17
Types of Puritan Literature
  • Some narrative accounts such as histories,
    biographies, and autobiographies.
  • Some poems, journals and diaries, but their aim
    was primarily for serious self-examination
  • Did not produce fiction nor drama because they
    regarded both as sinful.

18
Helpful Info for Reading Of Plymouth Plantation
  • Mayflower left England in Sept. 1620 with 90
    passengers plus the crew
  • Sailed with the Speedwell with 30 passengers plus
    crew
  • Speedwell deemed not seaworthy (may have been
    sabotaged) and returned to England. 12
    passengers transfer to the Mayflower
  • Land first at the tip of Cape Cod in November,
    but move to present day Plymouth before Christmas
  • Not the first Europeans in the area

19
People in the narrative (who sometimes remain
unnamed)
  • Ships captainMiles Standish
  • Ships masterChristopher Jones
  • First governorJohn Carver, dies during the first
    winter
  • PastorJohn Robinson
  • Church ElderWilliam Brewster
  • Indian mentorSquanto
  • And of course, William Bradford

20
William Bradford
  • Elected governor after the first leader died
  • Reelected fifteen times
  • Helped create positive Indian
  • relations and democratic
  • town hall meetings
  • Began writing his narrative Of Plymouth
    Plantation in 1630, but it was not published
    until 1856
  • Used Puritan Plain Style

21
Of Plymouth Plantation
  • Narrative Account
  • Tell the story of real-life events. Can be
    first-hand or written by someone that researched
    the events.
  • Considered the most complete authority on the
    Puritans

First page from Bradfords Journal
22
In their shoes
  • Youve just landed in the New World!
  • No houses are built
  • If what you brought is damaged, such as clothes
    and dishes, you cannot buy more
  • You had intended to land in Virginia, where some
    people already are living. You now face New
    England weather
  • You do not know if the natives are hostile
  • You have almost no medicine if you are injured or
    taken sick

23
Quick Review
  • What is the difference between a Separatist and a
    Puritan?
  • What is a narrative account?
  • What type of literature did the Puritans NOT
    create?
  • What does the Puritan Ethic mean?
  • What was the style of Puritan writing and why did
    they write in that style?

24
Assignment
  • Read Of Plymouth Plantation
    pages 78-84
  • Complete the Review and Assess questions on
    page 84 (1-6)
  • Questions 1-6
  • Complete sentences
  • Thoughtful and specific responses are required
    for full credit
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