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ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION

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Do you think Hip Hop music can be considered a marker of personal or/and group identity? ... Videos: 'American Tongues' and 'Urban Chronicle' Form. 1. 5 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION


1
ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION
  • As a domain of inquiry, linguistic anthropology
    starts from the theoretical assumption that words
    matter and from the empirical finding that
    linguistic signs as representations of the world
    and connections to the world are never neutral
    (Duranti, (2002 5).

2
Discussion Questions (Video)
  • 1. Can Urban Franco Hip Hop music be considered
    part of a linguistic community in Montreal?

3
How is this type of music, in the context of
Montreal, articulated in terms of race, ethnicity
or age?
4
Do you think Hip Hop music can be considered a
marker of personal or/and group identity? How?
Why?
5
Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Anthropology
  • Connected to sociology
  • Quantitative methods
  • Urban environments
  • Developed in the 1950s and 60s
  • Subfield of Anthropology
  • Qualitative methods
  • Small scale societies
  • Developed by Frank Boas (early 1900s)

6
Influenced by Ethnography of Communication
  • Dell Hymes (1960s and 1970s)
  • Linguistics in the widest possible way folklore,
    international linguistics, cognitive
    anthropology, sociology, etc

7
Ethnography of communication The study of
communication in its widest cultural and social
context, including rules of language, norms of
appropriate language use in particular settings,
and evaluations given by members of a culture to
various speech styles
8
Concern with
  • Segmentation of a speech communities class,
    gender, race, age, and ethnicity
  • Alternative means utilised by speakers to obtain
    goals
  • The roles of speakers as social actors
  • The function of speaking as a social activity

9
Speech event and Context
  • Would you be so kind as to pass me the salt?
  • Gimme the salt!
  • Many ways to achieve several purposes

10
Communicative rules
  • Exist in all cultures
  • Define acceptable behavior
  • Give directives
  • shape behaviour and help in evaluating others
  • May change from context to context
  • Cultural specific

11
The most important aspects of a communicative
interaction are
  • Settings
  • Participants
  • topics
  • Goals
  • They are interconnected
  • Two types of communicative interactions formal
    and informal

12
Formal University Class
  • Setting a fixed arranged local, A university
    classroom
  • Participants are defined students and teachers
  • Topics fixed math, history, anthropology, etc
  • Goals to teach and learn, etc.

13
Setting
  • Arena for action
  • Define events
  • Culturally defined formalities

14
Universal Aspects of Formality (Irvine, 1979)
  • Increased structuring rules of etiquette
  • Consistency of co-occurrence choices stylistic
    choices
  • Emphasis on positional identities of
    participants play of multiple roles or
    identities
  • Emergence of a central situational focus
    constrains on choice of topic

15
Participants
  • Speakers, addressees, and audiences
  • Choice of speakers
  • --pronunciation
  • --prosodic features
  • --syntax
  • --choice of words
  • --nonverbal cues

16
Terms of address
  • FN,
  • Title Last name (TLN)
  • Reciprocal FN and TLN
  • Non-reciprocal FN-TLN and TLN-FN
  • Pronouns T and V from the French Tu and Vous
  • Honorifics markers that signal respect

17
Nahuatl degrees of respect
  • I. intimacy and subordination prefixes between
    intimates of similar age and status to signify
    closeness
  • II. Neutrality and distance prefixes employ
    among strangers
  • III Honour to address older woman and men
  • IV Restricted to people who are in a compadrazgo
    relationship

18
TOPICS and GOALS
  • TOPICS
  • Preference of co-participants
  • Disapproval of violations of rules
  • GOALS
  • Individual and collective
  • Expressed in a variety of forms
  • Formal or informal language

19
Exam Review
  • content and form

20
Exam Review1.content overview2. Form and
content of exam
21
Content Overview
  • Types of meanings transmitted through language
    situational, cultural and social
  • Characteristics productivity and displacement
  • Formal Properties of Language sounds,
    vocabulary and grammar a) Grammar morphology
    and syntax
  • 1. Morphological analysis morphemes
    (stems and affixes)
  • 2. Nonverbal Communication a. kinesics and
    proxemics
  • B. Extended and Transferred Meaning
  • 1. metaphor and metonymy

22
Content Overview (2nd)
  • 1. Language and cultural meaning a) Cultural
    models
  • 2. Foundation of Linguistic anthropology
  • Ethnography of communication(Dell Hymes)
  • 1. Aspects of Communicative Interaction. a)
    setting, particip, topics, goals 1. Formal and
    informal .

23
Content and Form of Exam One
  • Content
  • Will cover
  • Bonvillain Chapters 2 and 4 Martin and Nakayama
    Chapters 4 and 6 langers language and
    Thought, Roberts A Brief history of English,
    Hoffmans Life in a New Language
  • Videos American Tongues and Urban Chronicle
  • Form1. 5 multiple choice questions (5 marks)
  • 2. 5 definitions ( 5 marks)
  • 3. 3 short answers (with examples) (6 marks)
  • 4. 1 essay type question out of two (9 marks)
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