SPINAL CORD

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SPINAL CORD SPINAL NERVES

• MARTINI, ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY, 9TH EDITION,
  CHAPTER 13
• LAB MANUAL, Exercise 19
• Page 235

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NOTE

• THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE
  REVIEW.
• THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY
  GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
• QUIZZES.
• STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR
  TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED
  DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE
  SYLLABUS

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Competency 6 The Nervous System

• Upon successful completion of this laboratory,
  the students will be able to demonstrate an
  understanding of the structural and functional
  features of the nervous system including the
  special sense organs by
• Describing the structure and functions of the
  spinal cord and the spinal nerves and their
  plexuses.

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SPINAL MENINGES

• Surrounds the spinal cord for physical stability
• 
  Shock absorption
• Wall of vertebral canal (no part of meninges)
• Epidural space- contains fat and blood vessels
  
• imp for anesthetic
  injection
• Dura mater- outermost covering of spinal cord
• Subdural space
• Aracnoid mater
• Subarachnoid space- filled with CSF
• CSF- shock absorber
• diffusion medium for wastes,
  gases,
• 
  nutrients chemicals
• Pia mater -piadelicate, matermother for
  nourishment

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SPINAL CORD

• Dendicular ligaments- prevent lateral movement of
  the spinal cord
• 
  
• Conus medularis-
• End part of the spinal cord, like a conus
• Cauda equina- nerve fibers extending after
• conus medularis, like
  a horse tail
• Filum terminale- to anchor spinal cord
  vertically by connecting it with coccyx
• F- to prevent up down movement
• Gray matter- it has nuclei
• Posterior (dorsal) horns somatic
  visceral sensory nuclei
• 
  
• Anterior (ventral) horns-somatic motor
  nuclei
• Lateral horns- autonomic (visceral) nuclei

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• Grey commissure- to connect two sides of the
  grey mater
• Central canal (the hole in the middle)-
• Conteins
  CSF(cephalo spinal fluid)
• White matter- it has tracs or fasciculus
• Posterior (dorsal) white column
  (funiculus)
• 
  Carry sensory info
• Lateral white column (funiculus)-
• 
  Carry sensory motor info
• Anterior (ventral) white column
  (funiculus)
• 
  Carry sensory motor info
• Anterior median fissure- deep groove
• Posterior median sulcus- shallow groove

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SPINAL NERVES

• Posterior root- carry sensory info
• Posterior root ganglia- conteins sensory neurons
  
  
• Anterior root- carries motor info
• Posterior ramus (smaller)- carries sensory
  motor info
• 
  
  
• Anterior ramus- (thicker)- carries sensory
  motor info

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PLEXUSES

• CERVICAL
• BRACHIAL
• LUMBAR
• SACRAL

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Peripheral Nerves and Plexuses
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CERVICAL PLEXUS

• Serves or innervates neck shoulder
• Phrenic nerve- it extends below the shoulder to
  the
• 
  diaphragm.
• It causes the diaphragm to contract
  
  
• important for breathing

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• Brachial plexus- serves or innervates upper limb
  and shoulder
• Axillary n- serves deltoid teres
  minor
• And
  skin of the shoulder
• 
  (From anterior to posterior)-
• Radial nerve- serves posterior
  upper limb
• Musculocutaneous n-serves anterior
  arm,
• 
  biceps brachii brachialis
• Median n- serves anterior forearm
• Ulnar n- serves anterior hand

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Spinal Nerves and Plexuses

• The Brachial Plexus of the Ventral Rami
• Major nerves of brachial plexus
• Musculocutaneous nerve (lateral cord)
• Median nerve (lateral and medial cords)
• Ulnar nerve (medial cord)
• Axillary nerve (posterior cord)
• Radial nerve (posterior cord)

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LUMBAR PLEXUS

• It serves or innervates skin some muscles of
  anterior abdomen, buttocks, genitalia, anterior
  lateral posteromedial thigh medial surface of
  leg and foot
• Femoral nerve anterior muscles of the
  thigh, flexors adductors of the hip, skin of
  the thigh(antero medial surface) skin over the
  medial surface of leg and foot
• RECTUS FEMORIS
• VASTUS MEDIALIS
• VASTUS LATERALIS
• VASTUS
  INTERMEDIUS

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LUMBAR PLEXUS SACRAL PLEXUS
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SACRAL PLEXUS

• It serves or innervates buttock (gluteus)
  
• posterior lower limb,
  anterior leg foot
• lateral leg, some
  muscles of genitalia
• including external anal
  and urethral sphincters
• Sciatic n (thiker)- serves posterior thigh
• Common peroneal n (goes anteriorly)- serves
  anterior leg foot
• Tibial n (goes posteriorly)- serves posterior
  leg and foot

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Components of a Reflex Arch
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The Patellar Reflex
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REMEMBER!GO TO THE TUTORING ROOMAND PRACTICE
WITH MODELS.ROOM 3326.