Writing the Argumentative/Persuasive Essay

1
Writing the Argumentative/Persuasive Essay
2
CHOOSING A TOPIC
To begin an argumentative/persuasive essay, you
must first have an opinion you want others to
share.
3
Possible Topic Ideas
Should legal immigration be stopped? Should
dying people be kept on life support? Should
tobacco products be banned? Should the Internet
be censored? Should school prayer be
allowed? Should music lyrics be
censored? Should parents of teen vandals be held
responsible for their child's damage? Should
research on cloning be discontinued? Should a
rookie salary cap be enforced in pro sports?

• Should boxing be banned?
• Should the driving age be raised to 18?
• Should semi-automatic weapons be banned?
• Should teens who murder be executed?
• Should hunting be outlawed?
• Should recycling be mandatory?
• Should schools require student uniforms?
• Should college athletes be paid?
• Should the death penalty be abolished?

4
RESEARCH
To be valid, an opinion or point of view must be
supported by facts and information.
Once you know what you will write about, you will
need to do research on the topic.
Research through interviewing people, orreading
newspaper, book, journal or Internet articles.
5
THESIS STATEMENT
The thesis statement

• states your position on the topic

• sets up the structure for the paper.

6
SUPPORT THE THESIS
Support your thesis with three reasons.

• Write down each of the three main reasons
  that support your belief on a separate piece of
  paper.

• These are your arguments.

7
COUNTER-ARGUMENTS

• Every controversial issue has two sides.

• Once you can support your position with
  research, you need to explore what others
  think.

8
PREPARING YOUR ARGUMENTS

• Look at the three main reasons for your
  opinion.

• What objections would others have to each
  of your reasons?

• Write these down under each of your
  reasons. Now you have three arguments and
  three counter-arguments.

9
ANSWERING COUNTER- ARGUMENTS
Write your answers down under the
counter-arguments.
Now you have the raw material for each paragraph
of the argumentative essay.
10
THE AUDIENCE
When introducing the topic, think about the
audience first.

• How much does the audience know about the
  topic?

• Is the audience likely to be friendly or
  hostile to your position?

• How can you hook the audiences
  attention?

11
INTRODUCTION PARGRAPH

• The first sentence is a general statement,
  designed to attract the readers attention.

• Second and perhaps third sentences narrow
  the idea down to your specific idea.

• The last sentence in the introduction
  must be your thesis.

12
INTRODUCTION
Think of the introduction as having a funnel
shape
  General statement (hook) Specific
information Thesis              
13
Example of Intro Paragraph

• More people die on driving on Greek roads in a
  single year than all the U.S. soldiers killed in
  Iraq since the fighting began. The road
  conditions and the mentality that leads to this
  unnecessary and avoidable loss of life should be
  changed.

Fact to support position and a good hook.
The authors position or Thesis Statement.
14
BUILDING BODY PARAGRAPHS
The first topic sentence of the first paragraph
will be the first reason that supports your
position.
You may even wish to begin the sentence with the
word first to focus the readers attention on its
importance.
15
FIRST BODY PARAGRAPH
Write a topic sentence and three details that
support the reason you believe what you believe.
Repeat the process until you have three
paragraphs with three different reasons and
three details to support that reason.
16
Counter Arguments- Rebuttals
Research what people opposed to your point of
view believe. Write down three counter-
arguments to your position.
Now, address those arguments in a paragraph
explaining why your position is a better one.
17
BUILDING PARAGRAPHS

• The final sentence in each paragraph
  should sum up and make a transition to the
  main idea of the next paragraph.
•  

18
Concluding Paragraph

• Indicate in the conclusion that you have
  shown the thesis statement to be true.
• Has a powerful ending often relating to the
  introduction.
• Do not include any new information in a
  conclusion. If you have not mentioned
  something yet in the paper, it is now too late.

19
What is not effective

• Saying the opposing viewpoint is stupid.
• Good essays are clear, calm and factual. Prove
  it instead.
• Saying negative things about groups or
  individuals that have different view points.
• This does not support your position but makes you
  seem petty instead.

20
How many is that?

• Intro Paragraph
• Body Paragraph 1
• Body Paragraph 2
• Body Paragraph 3
• Rebuttal Paragraph other viewpoints
• Conclusion Paragraph

21
Reflecting on Your Paper

• Are you happy with what you have written?

• Have you made a convincing case for your
  position?

• Is it clear that research supports your
  position?

• Have you shown that you understand the
  objections to your position?

22
Reflecting on Your Paper

• Have you shown that you understand the
  objections to your position?

• Is it clear that your position still
  outweighs the possible objections?