Phonics Concepts

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Phonics Concepts

• By Tashawna King

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Phonics Concepts

• Phonics concepts include
• consonants
• vowels
• blending sounds into words
• phonograms
• phonics rules
• Phonics is the key to reading because without
  phonics students would not be able to recognize
  words, spell, or be a successful reader. Phonics
  involves the association of phonemes, or sounds
  with written symbols, called graphemes. Phonics
  is the key to word recognition.

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Why is Phonics Important for Reading?

• When educators talk about phonics, they are
  referring method of teaching beginners to read
  and pronounce words by learning to associate
  letters or letter groups with the sounds they
  represent. Teachers teach the relationships betwee
  n phonemes (the sounds that make up spoken words)
  and graphemes (the written representations of
  language) so that students can decode (sound out)
  words. Children must learn to break words down so
  that they can decode them in order to read
  therefore, phonics is extremely important.

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44 Sounds in English Language

• Teachers have to teach children to learn the
  sounds of the English language. Teachers should
  remember to choose words that help children
  understand all of the 44 sounds. (19 vowel sounds
  including 5 long vowels, 5 short vowels, 3
  diphthongs, 2 'oo' sounds, 4 'r' controlled vowel
  sounds and 25 consonant sounds).

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What are Consonants?

• There are two types of letters in the
  alphabet consonants and vowels. Consonants are
  all the letters in the alphabet except for the
  vowels (a, e, i, o, u).
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• So, the full list of consonants are
• b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
  v, w, x, y, z.

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What are Vowels?

• Vowels are five letters in the alphabet which
  are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and  y that
  represents a speech sound. Wand y are vowels when
  used in the middle and at the end of syllables
  and words. For example, the word day has the two
  phonemes, /d/ and /a/, and a and y are vowels.
  Interestingly, y is not always a vowel it is a
  consonant at the beginning of a word and a vowel
  at the end.
• The 2 most common vowels are short (marked with
  the symbol  ?, called a breve) and long sounds
  (marked with the symbol , called macron). 

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How to Teach Short Vowels in Kindergarten

• Teachers can show students the vowel letter and
  say the short vowel sound. For example, tell them
  "This is 'a' and it says /a/.
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• Teachers can display pictures that begin with the
  short vowel sound. Pictures will help students
  remember the short vowel sound. For this sound,
  use pictures that begin with short "a" such as
  apple and ant. Once students understand the short
  "a" sound, show them other pictures that contain
  the short "a" sound such as hat, bat, and
  cat. Tape the pictures to the board, write the
  words underneath the pictures and underline the
  letter vowel to emphasize that sound.

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How to Teach Long Vowels

• Teachers can display pictures that begin with the
  long vowel sound. Pictures will help students
  remember the long vowel sound. For this sound,
  use pictures that begin with long "a" such as
  acorn and apron. Once students understand the
  long "a" sound, show them other pictures that
  contain the short "a" sound such as snake, cake,
  and tape. Tape the pictures to the board, write
  the words underneath the pictures and underline
  the letter vowel to emphasize that sound. 

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Vowel Combinations

• Vowel combinations are vowel digraphs
  or diphthongs. When two vowels represent a single
  sound, the combination is a vowel digraph (e.g.,
  nail, snow), and when the two vowels represent a
  glide from one sound to another, the combination
  is a diphthong.
• Here is a list of some vowel digraphs
• ee as in feet, seed, feel
• ea as in eat, easy, heat, peach, each
• ai as in snail, pail, details, nail
• oo as in food, look, took
• au as is taught, caught, laugh
• aw as in saw
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• Here is a list of some diphthongs 
• io as in foil, soil, oil
• oy as in toy, boy
• ou as in bound, house  
•  ow as in cow  

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Consonant Digraphs and Blends

• Two kinds of combination consonants are blends
  and digraphs. Consonant blends occur when two or
  three consonants appear next to each other in
  words and their individual sounds are "blended"
  together, as in grass, belt, and spring. Examples
  of consonant blends are the fr in frame, the cl in
   click, and the br in bread.  Consonant
  digraphs are letter combinations representing
  single sounds that are not represented by either
  letter the four most common are ch as in
  chair and each, sh as in shell and wish, 
• th as in father and both, and wh as in while.
  Another consonant digraph is ph, as
  in photo and graph. 

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Blending Sounds Into Words

• Readers blend or combine sounds in order to
  decode words. Even though children may identify
  each sound, one by one, they must also be able to
  blend them into a word. For example, to read the
  short-vowel word best, children identify /b//e/
  /s/ /t/ and the combine them to form the word.
  For long-vowel words, children must identify the
  vowel pattern as well as the surrounding letters.
  In pancake , for example, children identify /p/
  /a/ /n/ /k/ /a/ /k/ and recognize that the e at
  the end of the word is silent and marks the
  preceding vowel as long.

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Phonograms

• A phonogram is a letter or group of letters that
  represent a single sound.  One-syllable words and
  syllables in longer words can be divided into two
  parts, the onset and the rime The onset is the
  consonant sound, if any, that precedes the vowel,
  and the rime is the vowel and any consonant
  sounds that follow it. For example, in show,
  sh is the onset and  ow is the rime, and
  in ball, b is the onset and all is the rime.
  For  at and  up, their is no onset the
  entire word is the rime. Research has shown that
  children make more errors decoding and spelling
  the rime than the onset and more errors on vowels
  than on consonants (Caldwell Leslie 2005). In
  fact, rimes may provide an important key to
  word identification.

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The End

• Brought to you by Tashawna King