Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting

1
Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting

• Operations

Chief Jay Shanley Orlando Sanford International
Airport
2
ARFF Operations

• Staffing Levels
• ARFF Index Determination
• ARFF Capabilities
• ALERT Levels
• Planned Response
• What to Expect from ARFF Services
• In-Flight Medical
• Water Rescue Operations

3
ARFF Communications

• Video Presentation on DEF
• Letter of Agreement w/ Tower

4
Staffing Levels

• Vary from Airport to Airport
• Minimum--- One FF per Vehicle
• Maximum--- Three FF per vehicle
• Even Largest Airports only have 5-10 directly
  assigned to ARFF Duties
• Economics drive staffing levels

5
ARFF Index Determination

• 14 CFR 139.315 determines Index by length of Air
  Carrier and Average Daily Departures
• Index A Aircraft less than 90 feet
• Index B Aircraft between 90 and 126 feet
• Index C Aircraft between 126 and 159 feet
• Index D Aircraft between 159 and 200 feet
• Index E Aircraft greater then 200 feet

6
ARFF Index Determination

• Index A Aircraft less than 90 feet
• One Vehicle carrying at least
• 500 lbs. Sodium-based dry chemical or
• 450 lbs. Potassium-based dry chemical and
• Water with quantity of foam to make 100 gallons
  of finished product for simultaneous discharge
  of dry chemical and AFFF Foam application

7
(No Transcript)
8
ARFF Index Determination

• Index B Aircraft between 90 and 126 feet
• One or Two vehicles with Dry chemical as in Index
  A and 1500 gallons Water / Foam

9
(No Transcript)
10
ARFF Index Determination

• Index C Aircraft between 126 and 159 feet
• Two or Three Vehicles
• One with dry chemical as in Index A and 3000
  gallons of Water / Foam

11
(No Transcript)
12
ARFF Index Determination

• Index D Aircraft between 159 and 200 feet
• Three Vehicles
• One with dry chemical as in Index A and 4000
  gallons of Water / Foam

13
(No Transcript)
14
ARFF Index Determination

• Index E Aircraft 200 feet and Longer
• Three Vehicles
• One with dry chemical as in Index A and 6000
  gallons of Water / Foam

15
(No Transcript)
16
ALERT LEVELS

• Common terminology Nationwide
• Alert 1
• Alert 2
• Alert 3
• Some indicate aircraft size by phonetics
• Alert 1-A
• Alert 1-B
• Alert 1-C

17
ALERT LEVELS

• ALERT 1 Minor malfunctions that Dont
  constitute threat to aircraft or passengers

18
ALERT LEVELS

• ALERT 1 Minor malfunctions that Dont
  constitute threat to aircraft or passengers
• ALERT 2 Situations if not contained WILL
  endanger aircraft and passengers

19
(No Transcript)
20
ALERT LEVELS

• ALERT 1 Minor malfunctions that Dont
  constitute threat to aircraft or passengers
• ALERT 2 Situations if not contained WILL
  endanger aircraft and passengers
• ALERT 3 Imminent or actual crash of an
  aircraft on or near the Airport

21
(No Transcript)
22
Planned Response

• Assign duties and responsibilities
• Plan for mutual Aid, pre-assign
• Plan for evidence preservation
• Train routinely to include tabletop and full
  exercises.

23
Planned Response

• Response is broken into six different escalating
  levels in a matrix
• Three ALERT levels, 1,2,and 3
• Three INDEX levels, A,B and C

24
Anticipated Response during an Index A - ALERT 3
Incident

• Aircraft less than 90 feet
• Passengers level between 1-9
• Complete ARFF Response
• 3 ALS Rescues Units 2- NON Emergency
• 1 Battalion Chief
• 1 Engine Company
• 1 Tanker

25
Anticipated Response during an Index B - ALERT 3
Incident

• Aircraft between 90 and 126 feet
• Passengers level between 10 - 49
• Complete ARFF Response
• 3 ALS Rescues Units All Emergency
• 2 Battalion Chief
• 2 Engine Company
• 1 Tanker
• 1 Tower Truck

26
Anticipated Response during an Index C - ALERT 3
Incident

• Aircraft between 126 and 159 feet
• Passengers level 50 and above
• Complete ARFF Response
• 3 ALS Rescues Units All Emergency
• 2 Battalion Chief
• 2 Engine Company
• 2 Tanker
• 2 Tower Truck

27

What to Expect from ARFF
Rapid, Professional, Courteous Response to ALL
calls for Assistance. Dont Hesitate to
activate the Emergency System. Ask to activate
the DEF and advise Flight Crew of critical info
helpful to effective decision making
28
What to expect from ARFF

• If time permits ARFF will be at Predetermined
  Standby Locations for each Runway

29
9L-27R
9C-27C
18-36
9R-27L
30
What to expect from ARFF

• If time permits ARFF will be at Predetermined
  Standby Locations for each Runway
• If significant problem i.e. Fire, Smoke expect
  ARFF truck to meet you Head-On after you have
  ceased movement.

31
(No Transcript)
32
What to expect from ARFF

• If time permits ARFF will be at Predetermined
  Standby Locations for each Runway
• If significant problem i.e. Fire, Smoke expect
  ARFF truck to meet you Head-On after you have
  ceased movement.
• Expect a AFFF Foam Blanket Application

33
(No Transcript)
34
What to expect from ARFF

• If time permits ARFF will be at Predetermined
  Standby Locations for each Runway
• If significant problem i.e. Fire, Smoke expect
  ARFF truck to meet you Head-On after you have
  ceased movement.
• Expect a AFFF Foam Blanket Application
• Expect Rescue if Incapacitated

35
(No Transcript)
36
AFTER RESCUE

• Begin triage of victims
• Establish Treatment Areas
• Arrange for Transportation

37
TRIAGE

• Victim/Patient Sorting
• 1 minute or less w/patient
• Categorize into 4 groups
• Minor, Moderate, Severe, Dead

38
TREATMENT

• Airway, Breathing, Circulation
• Advanced Skills if available
• Some may be at treatment for hours depending on
  hospital circumstances

39
TRANSPORT

• Ambulance, Helicopter, Bus
• Provide Medical Staff for buses too.
• Remember Accountability

40
EVIDENCE

• Preserve Evidence as if Crime Scene
• Mark and Identify patient locations
• Photo-document early-on if capable
• Write narratives and critique ASAP

41
Medical Emergencies In Flight
42
Medical In Flight Emergencies

• Standby at far end of runway or at designated
  site. Never chase a plane.
• Have EMS Transport Unit and Air Stairs on site.
• Be prepared to respond to Aircraft on the field,
  if requested.
• If not serious, escort plane to gate.

43
Medical Emergencies, Info Potentially Received
from DEF

• What medications are they taking? Alcohol
  ingested?
• Skin appearance? Blue, Pale, Sweating, Dry, Hot
• Breathing,Not breathing,
• Is CPR in progress????
• Is an AED on board?
• Your updated ETA?

44
Water Rescue Operations
45
Water Rescue Operations

• In water landings complicate rescue operations.
• They add a degree of urgency.
• Dont get caught up in the frenzy.
• Fuel on the water may be a hazard
• Your Airport Emergency Plan should provide for
  such events, by establishing response
  coordination, and communication with water rescue
  teams.

46
Water Rescue Operations

• It is highly RECCOMMENDED that you practice your
  plan for an in water landing routinely.in
  FLORIDA Water is everywhere. Even small planes
  can crash into backyard pools.

47
Water Rescue Operations

• Most victims will self rescue if capable.
• Aquatic rescue is a specialized field.
• Adequate training should be completed before
  embarking on these missions.

48
Questions???
49
Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting

• Communications

50
ARFF Communications

• Clear, concise communications are essential.
• Multiple radios complicate command.
• Routine communications still on TOWER Frequency.
• Nationwide system (DEF)developed in 1999 to
  reduce ARFF communication complexities

51
What is the DEF?

• Discrete Emergency Frequency
• Alternate frequency for emergencies
• ATCT, Flight crew, and ARFF command can initiate.
  
• Designed to assist ARFF in mitigating aircraft
  emergencies incidents.

52
Use of the D.E.F.

• Authorized ONLY by ATCT
• Pilot or airport command must request DEF, (AC
  150/5210-7c).
• ONLY THREE ON FREQUENCY
• The Flight Crew
• Air Traffic Control Tower
• Airport ARFF Command

53
Why do we need a D.E.F.?

• Aircraft emergencies are complex in nature. i.e.,
  cargo fire, passenger heart attack.
• Main players can concentrate on mission.
• Pass on Vital information otherwise limited on
  busy tower/ground frequencies.

54
What the ARFF Commander Needs From Pilots

• Nature of the emergency.
• Aircraft type.
• Souls on board (S.O.B).
• E.T.A.
• Landing runway.
• Fuel remaining.

55
Discrete Emergency Frequency

• The pilot determines if an evacuation is
  necessary.
• The ARFF commander needs to know pilot intentions
  to properly position emergency equipment and
  personnel for rescue firefighting operations.

56
The Pilot Is in Command

• The pilot is responsible for the safety of the
  passengers and crew.
• We can see where they cant.
• Our information assists them in decision making.
• Continuously advise pilot of actions you are
  taking until emergency is terminated.

57
DISCREET EMERGENCY FREQUENCY

• VIDEO

58
(No Transcript)
59
Questions ??