Paper Mache : The art of using paper to create objects/images

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Paper Mache The art of using paper to create
objects/images

• Newspaper Strips

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PAPER MACHE The Art of Paper Made Objects
Paper is molded or formed.
Papier-mâché (French for 'chewed-up paper'
because of its appearance), sometimes called
paper-mâché, is a construction material that
consists of pieces of paper, sometimes reinforced
with textiles, stuck together using a wet paste
(e.g., glue, starch, or wallpaper adhesive). The
crafted object becomes solid when the paste
dries.1
Terms Papier-Mache, Paper-mache,
Carton-pierre, Decoupage, Lacquer, Armature.
Please note that most of these terms originated
in the French language.
Countries where we find paper-mache used as an
artistic medium Persia, Kashmir, Japan, China,
England, Russia, India, Korea, America,
Italy, France, Germany, Poland, and France.
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Paper Mache Animals are popular as masks, piggy
banks, and as piñatas.
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Paper mache items can be used for home décor
(these wont spoil like the real fruit)
Paper Mache is useful for home design/décor. We
can make FUNCTIONAL or AESTHETICALLY PLEASING
pieces.
Aesthetically Pleasing Work
This papier-mâché lacquered bowl could be used to
hold the papier-mâché fruit!
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Paper Mache has been used to create DOLL HEADS in
many different countries. This has gone out of
use with the development of modern plastic
materials.
Papier-mâché was used for doll heads starting as
far back as 1540, and continued to be used into
the early 20th century. The heads were molded in
two parts from a mixture of paper pulp, clay, and
plaster, and then glued together. The head would
then be smoothed, painted and varnished.
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Papier-mâché is commonly used for large,
temporary sculpture such as Carnival floats. A
basic structure of wood, metal and metal wire is
covered in papier-mâché. Once dried, details are
added. The papier-mâché is then sanded and
painted. Carnival floats can be very large and
comprise a number of characters, props and scenic
elements all organized around a chosen theme.
They can also accommodate several dozens people,
including the operators of the mechanisms. The
floats can have movable parts, like the facial
features of a character or its limbs. It is not
unusual for local professional architects,
engineers, painters, sculptors and ceramists to
take part in the design and construction of the
floats. Italian float makers are some of the best
in the world,
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Papier-mâché MASKS and theatrical head gear are
important to the world of play-acting
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Paper Mache has been used to create FLOAT DESIGNS
for parades.
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Papier-mâché has been used in Theatre for
creating Set Design objects and Costume Parts
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Puppetry involves the creation of Papier-mâché
Puppets and other associated set pieces.
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AMAZINGLY Paper Mache has been used to create
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES such as CELING DESIGNS..
WALL DESIGNS..EVEN FURNITURE!
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RUSSIAN PAPER MACHE WORK Decorated Boxes
The village of Fedoskino (?????????) located
not far from Moscow on the banks of the Ucha
River, is the oldest of the four art centers of
Russian lacquer miniature painting on
papier-mâché, which has been practiced there
since 1795. It stands apart both geographically,
and in that that oil paints are used rather than
egg tempera.
The lacquer artists of Palekh, Kholui and Mstera
continue to use the technique of painting in
egg-based tempera overlaid with intricate gold
leaf highlighting.
No Russian lacquer artwork is presently
considered genuine piece unless it bears the
signature of one of the recognised artists from
one of four villages, each village having its own
style.
A Palekh jewelery box
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Many Countries have used paper Mache to create
beautiful objects. To the LEFT are Russian
Enameled paper Mache Boxes. Below are items from
Asia.
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FUNCTIONAL OBJECTS can be made out of paper mache.
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Carton-pierre (French for 'stone cardboard') is
papier-mâché that has been decorated to resemble
wood, stone, or metal, and is used as
decoration.2
Starting around 1725, gilded papier-mâché began
to appear in Europe as a low-cost alternative to
similarly treated plaster or carved wood in
architecture. Henry Clay of Birmingham, England,
patented a process for treating laminated sheets
of paper with linseed oil to produce waterproof
panels in 1772.
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Japanned is most often a heavy black lacquer,
almost like enamel paint. The European technique
uses varnishes that have a resin base similar to
shellac, applied in heat-dried layers which are
then polished, to give a smooth glossy finish. It
can also come in reds, greens and
blues. Originating in India, China, and Japan as
a decorative coating for pottery, it made its way
into Europe by the 1600s.
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Hanji (Korean paper art) Hanji is the name of a
traditional paper art form originating from
Korea. There are two basic divisions of hanji, a
two dimensional and a three dimensional. Two
dimensional hanji uses paper of various colors to
create an image in a similar format as a
painting, however the paper itself is folded and
crumpled making the image stick up from the paper
it is adhered, but the image itself is only a 2
dimensional likeness, although there may be depth
to some of the elements. 2 dimensional hanji are
typically framed much like a painting.
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Korean Hanji 3-Dimensional Sculpture
Korean Hanji lacquer Boxes
Three dimensional Hanji is similar to
papier-mâché, in that it attempts to make
sculpture type objects which may stand
unsupported.
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One common item made in the 1800s in America was
the paper canoe, most famously made by Waters
Sons of Troy, New York. The invention of the
continuous sheet paper machine allows paper
sheets to be made of any length, and this made an
ideal material for building a seamless boat hull.
The paper of the time was significantly
stretchier than modern paper, especially when
damp, and this was used to good effect in the
manufacture of paper boats. A layer of thick,
dampened paper was placed over a hull mold and
tacked down at the edges. A layer of glue was
added, allowed to dry, and sanded down.
Additional layers of paper and glue could be
added to achieve the desired thickness, and cloth
could be added as well to provide additional
strength and stiffness. The final product was
trimmed, reinforced with wooden strips at the
keel and gunwales to provide stiffness, and
waterproofed. Paper racing shells were highly
competitive during the late 1800s.
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Papier-mâché panels were used in the late 1800s
and early 1900s to produce lightweight domes,
used primarily for observatories. The domes were
constructed over a wooden or iron framework, and
the first domes were made by the same
manufacturer that made the early paper boats,
Waters Sons. The domes used in observatories
had to be light in weight so that they could
easily be rotated to position the telescope
opening in any direction, and large enough that
the could cover the large refractor telescopes in
use at the time.
In 1881 the largest of their domes was placed on
the new Lusk Observatory at the U.S. Military
Academy in West Point. It was slightly over 30
feet in diameter and contained over 2,000 pounds
of paper.
Built in England-one of the first built paper
domes
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More SCULTPURES Note the stylized forms versus
completely realistic forms.
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ARTISTS use paper mache to create interesting
SCULPTURES
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Skulls are a popular item for artistic designs
within the country of Mexico. Artists from
around now design skulls.
Skulls have been used by many artists for
DESIGN workthese are papier-mâché skull masks.

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