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ORTHODONTICS

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ORTHODONTICS Definition Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions (improper bites), which may be a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ORTHODONTICS


1
ORTHODONTICS
2
Definition
  • Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry that is
    concerned with the study and treatment of
    malocclusions (improper bites), which may be a
    result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate
    jaw improved bite (occlusion).

3
Diagnosis and treatment planning
  • In diagnosis and treatment planning, the
    orthodontist must
  • recognize the various characteristics of
    malocclusion and dentofacial deformity
  • define the nature of the problem, including the
    etiology if possible
  • design a treatment strategy based on the specific
    needs and desires of the individual
  • present the treatment strategy to the patient in
    such a way that the patient fully understands the
    ramifications of his/her decision.

4
Therapy
  • Therapy can be
  • Functional indicated to reduce and eliminate any
    possible problems, using muscular exercises
    and/or passive orthodontic devices, which guide
    mastication forces
  • Mechanical when extra/intraoral devices are
    used, to correct the present anomalies
  • Surgical indicated especially in adults and/or
    when orthodontic methods cant fix the problems

5
  • 2. Why is it important to have orthodontic
    treatment?
  • Orthodontic problems can disfigure the face and
    mouth.
  • Orthodontics can improve the appearance of the
    teeth and face.
  • Normal speech and chewing can be made possible by
    orthodontic treatment.
  • A bad bite can make biting or chewing difficult
    or even impossible, and can cause the teeth to
    wear down.
  • Crooked teeth are very hard to brush properly.
  • If teeth are not kept clean, this can result in
    tooth decay, and loss of teeth.
  • Orthodontic problems can damage the gums and
    underlying bone structure.
  • If the jaws are not properly positioned, pain in
    the jaw joints can result.
  • Orthodontic problems can get worse if they are
    neglected. They will not just "go away".
  • If not treated in time, a problem can become more
    difficult and more expensive to treat later on.

6
  • 4. Why should orthodontic treatment start when
    the child is young?
  • There are many good reasons for early orthodontic
    treatment
  • When the jaws and teeth are still growing it is
    much easier to move teeth and influence the
    position and size of the jaw.
  • Early treatment will shorten the treatment time.
  • Treatment of thumb-sucking and abnormal
    swallowing patterns is more successful in a young
    child.
  • Protruding front teeth are easily damaged, so the
    sooner they are corrected the better.
  • The space left by the early loss of a baby tooth
    must be kept open.If left untreated, this space
    will close, as adjacent teeth will drift into it.
    The permanent tooth may then not have enough
    space to grow into and may become impacted. Early
    treatment can keep the space open and allow the
    permanent tooth to erupt normally. Insufficient
    space for permanent teeth often results in
    crowding.

7
  • 6. Which conditions cause orthodontic problems?
  • Crowding Severe crowding A mismatch of tooth and
    jaw size
  • Upper and lower jaws out of proportion to each
    other
  • Missing or extra teeth
  • Premature loss of teeth caused by
  • Injuries
  • Tooth decay
  • Breathing problems
  • Thumb sucking
  • The thumb sucker

8
Crowded and irregular teeth
treatment
before
after
treatment
9
  • Is orthodontic treatment painful?
  • When braces or other orthodontic appliances are
    first placed in the mouth, some discomfort or
    pain is experienced, but this soon passes.
  • Adjustments to appliances may cause temporary
    pain or discomfort.The appliances may initially
    irritate the lips, teeth or tongue, but the
    orthodontist will adjust them to minimise any
    discomfort.

10
  • How long will the orthodontic treatment take to
    complete?
  • Treatment takes from a few months to about 3
    years. The average is about 2 years.
  • The length of treatment depends on how difficult
    and complicated the problem is.
  • Some people respond to treatment more quickly
    than others.
  • Co-operation by the patient, or lack of it, can
    affect the length of treatment.
  • Your orthodontist will be able to give you an
    idea of how long it will take.

11
  • What is the plan of action for the entire
    treatment period?
  • The treatment plan is divided into three parts.
  • The planning phase
  • The active phase
  • The retention phase

12
  • 10. What happens in the planning phase?
  • A pre-treatment record is made, which includes
  • A medical and dental history.
  • The making of casts for the upper and lower teeth
    and jaws.
  • Photographs of the face and teeth for before and
    after treatment comparisons.
  • A complete set of x-rays of the jaws and teeth.
  • A computer-generated photograph of the
    anticipated result.
  • Formulation of the treatment plan.

13
What happens during the active phase?
  • Extraction of teeth
  • Space maintenance
  • Orthodontic appliances
  • Orthodontic appliances are used in conjunction
    with braces to influence the growth patterns of
    the jaws.
  • They can be either removable or fixed.
  • A. Removable appliances
  • Removable appliances are used to move one or a
    few teeth.
  • The appliances are made of plastic and may have
    wires that exert a slow gentle pressure on the
    teeth to be moved.
  • Removable appliances must be worn continuously or
    as your orthodontist instructs.
  • A removable brace may for example be used to
    correct teeth that have been forced forward and
    outward by a thumb sucking habit.It can also be
    used to hold or retain teeth in their corrected
    positions.
  • Removable and fixed appliances can be used to
    increase the width of the upper jaw.
  • This influences the rate of upper jaw growth and
    tooth eruption. B. Fixed appliances
  • Fixed appliances are attached to the teeth and
    remain in the mouth for the duration of the
    active phase.
  • The placement of fixed braces
  • Little metal, ceramic or clear acrylic brackets
    are bonded or cemented onto the teeth.
  • Specially bent wires are then attached to the
    brackets.
  • Tightening of the wires causes the controlled
    movement of the teeth.
  • Fixed or removable braces are used in conjunction
    with rubber bands.
  • Braces are designed to exert a constant gentle
    pressure on teeth in order to move them into
    their correct positions.

14
What happens during the retention phase?
  • When active treatment is completed, the braces
    and other appliances are removed.
  • To maintain the changes that have been made, a
    special removable retainer is made for the
    patient.
  • It is designed to keep the teeth and jaws in
    their new positions, and to prevent a relapse.
  • The retainer must be worn continuously until the
    teeth and bone have stabilised in their new
    positions.
  • This may be a temporary or a long-term measure.
  • Once the corrections have "set" in their new
    positions, the improvements should last a
    lifetime.

15
  • 1. Is it unusual for adults to have orthodontic
    treatment?
  • More and more adults are having orthodontic
    treatment to correct crooked or crowded teeth.
  • Orthodontics can make the teeth more attractive
    and more functional, by improving jaw alignment,
    and correcting "the bite".
  • Improved techniques have been devised for
    treating adults.
  • Modern orthodontic braces are less obtrusive and
    adults are more willing to wear them.

16
  • 2. Is adult orthodontic treatment successful?
  • Adult orthodontics is particularly successful for
    correcting crowding and jaw problems.
  • Healthy teeth can be moved with braces at any
    age.
  • Very similar treatments and appliances are used
    for children and adults.

17
  • 5. What problems could make orthodontic treatment
    for adults more difficult?
  • Periodontal Disease
  • Adults may suffer from periodontal disease, which
    is a deterioration of the gums and underlying
    bone.
  • Periodontal treatment will be necessary before
    the orthodontic treatment can start.
  • Tooth decay
  • All dental decay should be treated before
    orthodontic treatment starts.
  • It is less comfortable to have dental treatment
    after braces have been fitted.
  • Abnormal jaw relationships
  • The growth of the jaws has been completed in
    adults, and so this treatment is not always
    possible.
  • In children, the ongoing growth of the jaw can be
    directed to correct the abnormalities that are
    present.
  • Worn down or broken teeth
  • These must be built up or restored before
    orthodontic treatment can start.
  • Lack of commitment
  • Adult patients may find it hard to commit to long
    term treatment, especially to wearing braces for
    long periods.

18
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