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ANKLE AND FOOT

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Articulations of the Foot. Intertarsal. Tarsometatarsal. Intermetatarsal ... FOOT ARTICULATIONS. TARSOMETATARSAL. 2nd - 5th are non ... FOOT/ANKLE ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ANKLE AND FOOT


1
ANKLE AND FOOT
  • H L pg 193 209
  • T F Chpt 9, pg 159

2
FUNCTION (ankle and foot)
  • SUPPORT
  • PROPULSION

3
FOOT STRUCTURE
  • BONY
  • 7 tarsal bones
  • 5 metatarsal bones
  • 14 phalanges
  • 5 proximal
  • 4 intermediate
  • 5 distal

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6
Articulations of the Foot
  • Intertarsal
  • Tarsometatarsal
  • Intermetatarsal
  • Metatarsophalangeal
  • Interphalangeal

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8
FOOT ARTICULATIONS
  • TARSOMETATARSAL
  • 2nd - 5th are non-axial gliding joints
  • 1st may be a modified saddle joint
  • INTERMETATARSAL
  • articulations between bases of each metatarsal
  • non-axial gliding

9
FOOT ARTICULATIONS
  • METATARSOPHALANGEAL
  • Modified condyloid
  • INTERPHALANGEAL
  • hinge joints

10
ARCHES
  • Main function is to provide shock absorption and
    propulsion
  • 4 arches
  • Longitudinal Arches - lateral medial
  • Navicular is the keystone of medial longitudinal
    arch
  • Transverse (Tarsal) Arch - formed by tarsal bones
  • Metatarsal Arch - distal heads of metatarsals

11
ANKLE JOINT
  • Structure hinge joint
  • Joints all have a common capsule
  • Talocrural - articulation between tibia, fibula,
    and talus
  • Often referred to as the ankle mortise
  • Movements
  • Flexion/Dorsiflexion
  • Extension/Plantarflexion

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Other Articulations of the Ankle
  • Fibulotalar - articulation between fibula and
    talus
  • Distal tibiofibular - articulation between tibia
    and fibula
  • Tibia and fibula are held together by ligaments
    and interosseus membrane

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16
OTHER ANKLE ARTICULATIONS
  • Subtalar - joint between calcaneus talus
  • Gliding joint
  • Inversion/Eversion

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18
OTHER ANKLE ARTICULATIONS Cont.
  • Midtarsal - joints between tarsal bones
  • Calcaneocuboid - gliding
  • Talonavicular - modified ball and socket

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LIGAMENTS
  • Medial
  • Deltoid comprised of 4 separate ligaments
  • Calcaneotibial ligament
  • Anterior talotibial ligament
  • Posterior talotibial ligament
  • Tibionavicular ligament

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22
LIGAMENTS
  • Plantar
  • Calcaneonavicular - "spring ligament"
  • Primary ligament of the medial longitudinal arch

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24
LIGAMENTS
  • Lateral ligaments
  • Anterior talofibular ligament (most commonly
    injured)
  • Calcaneofibular ligament
  • Posterior talofibular ligament
  • More prone to injury due to weak lateral
    ligaments with less overall anatomical support

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26
Superior Ligaments
  • Anterior/Posterior
  • Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
  • Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

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FOOT/ANKLE MOTION
  • TALOCRURAL JOINT
  • Hinge
  • Plantarflexion (extension)
  • Dorsiflexion (flexion)

29
FOOT/ANKLE MOTION
  • TARSAL JOINTS
  • Plantarflexion - Slight gliding movement occurs
    with plantarflexion
  • Dorsiflexion - Slight gliding movement occurs
    with dorsiflexion
  • Inversion/Adduction (Supination)
  • Eversion/Abduction (Pronation)

30
FOOT/ANKLE MOTION
  • TARSOMETATARSAL
  • gliding movements
  • INTERMETATARSAL
  • gliding movements
  • METATARSALPHALANGEAL
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction

31
FOOT/ANKLE MOTION
  • INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
  • Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension

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33
ANTERIOR MUSCLES
  • Tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion, inversion
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus - extension of 2nd 5th
    toes, dorsiflexion
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus - extension of 1st toe,
    dorsiflexion
  • TOM, DICK, HARRY
  • Peroneus Tertius - dorsiflexion, eversion

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35
LATERAL MUSCLES
  • Peroneus Longus
  • Peroneus Brevis
  • Both are responsible for plantar flexion, eversion

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DEEP POSTERIOR MUSCLES
  • Posterior tibialis - plantarflexion, inversion.
  • Flexor digitorum longus - flexion of 2nd 5th
    toes, plantarflexion, inversion
  • Flexor hallucis longus - flexion of 1st toe,
    plantarflexion, inversion
  • TOM, DICK, HARRY

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39
SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR MUSCLES
  • Gastrocnemius - knee flexion, plantarflexion
  • Soleus - plantarflexion
  • Plantaris - plantarflexion

40
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