Marine Reptiles and Birds

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Marine Reptiles and Birds
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Class Reptilia
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Characteristics

• Strong bony skeleton
• Well developed lungs
• Most have 2 pairs of legs
• Legs are thick
• Toes with claws
• Excretory system designed to conserve water

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Characteristics Contd

• Color change
• Dominant sense sight
• Uric acid primary excretory product
• 4 chambered heart
• Sex determination
• - high temp males
• - low temp - females

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Order Testudines

• Turtles
• _at_ 225 species
• Beak rather than teeth
• Eat plants and animals
• Most are highly endangered
• Leatherback up to 9 and 1 ton.

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Order SquamataSuborder Sauria

• Lizards
• Eat plants and animals
• Komodo Dragon up to 10 ft long
• Marine Iguanas feed on algae

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Order SquamataSuborder Serpentes

• Snakes
• No limbs
• Strong flexible bodies
• Oviparous or ovoviviparous
• Well developed sense of taste and smell

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Snake Feeding

• Jacobsons organs olfactory pouches used to
  track prey and find females
• Pit organs detect heat
• Swallow prey whole
• Upper and lower jaws can move independently
• Posteriorly pointing teeth

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Snake Venom

• Hemotoxins
• - destroy red blood cells and
• cause internal bleeding
• - vipers
• Neurotoxins
• paralyze nerve cells, respiratory
• paralysis
• - Cobras, coral snakes, and sea
• snakes

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Order Crocodilia

• Crocodiles and Alligators
• Differences
• Carnivores
• Live in water
• Extend nostrils above water for air

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Class Aves
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Feathers

• Composed mainly of keratin
• Down feathers - soft, fluffy feathers providing
  insulation.
• Filoplumes - thin, hair-like feathers.
• Contour feathers - shape and color the body.
• Flight feathers - specialized contour feathers on
  wings and tail that provide lift.

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Feather Types
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Skeleton

• Light bones
• Air sacs greatly increase lungs ability to
  take in oxygen.
• Forelimbs function as wings, not for grasping
• Types of feet based on type of food and
  environment.

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Types of bills

• Toothless
• Depend on type of food gathered

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Cardiovascular System

• Body temperature is internally regulated
  (endothermic)
• Heart is 4-chambered
• High metabolism - provides the large amount of
  energy needed for flight.
• Rapid heartbeat - moves large amount of blood
  through the body for gas exchange.

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Nervous System

• Highly developed
• Controls flight,
• Helps navigation,
• Enhances vision and hearing.

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Digestive System

• Crop - stores food for processing by the
  gizzard.
• Gizzard - grinds the food.

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Shore Birds

• feed in intertidal zone, long legs and sharp
  beaks.
• (ex. Sandpipers)

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Gulls

• predators and scavengers found all over the
  world. Generally live around shoreline.

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Pelicans, Cormorants, etc

• Dive for food
• Gular pouch serves as a net

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Albatross

• Superb gliders (11ft wing span)
• Return to land only to nest

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Penguins

• Heavier bones and layers of fat.
• Most highly adapted to life in the sea
• Preyed upon by leopard seals killer whales