????????: ??????????? From General Education to Liberal Arts Education: American Liberal Arts Education and the Chengchi College

1
???????????????????From General Education to
Liberal Arts Education American Liberal Arts
Education and the Chengchi College

• ??
• ?????????????/????????
• ?????????
• ????????? (Occidental College) ????? October 27,
  2011

2

• I. Introduction to American Liberal
  Arts Education
• ???????????
• II. Four Models of Liberal Arts
  Education in American Higher
• Education System
• ?????????????????
• III. Liberal Arts Colleges in China,
  Hong Kong, Macao and
• Singapore
• ?????????????????????
• IV. The Development of Taiwans Liberal
  Arts Colleges
• ???????????
• V. The Present Excellence vs. Equity
• ?? ???? vs. ????
• VI. Into the Future Thematization of
  Liberal Arts Education
• ???? ?? (??) ?????????????
• VII. Residential College of International
  Development (RCID)
• ??????

3

• Liberal arts/residential education is not a
  departure from professional education but is
  absolutely essential to it.
• ???/????????????
• ?????????

4
Introduction to American Liberal Arts
Education???????????
5
The Beginning Liberal Arts Colleges as the
Origin of American Higher Education
????????????????
6

• Classical education focusing on whole education
  (????), including broad academic knowledge,
  cultural cultivation, self-identification and
  realization (?????????) , and even
  moral/personality (??/????) training curriculum.
• The term liberal refers to the nature of
  education for a freeman (???) as opposed to a
  slave who is intellectually blind (?????),
  while arts refers to the medieval, European
  disciplines of grammar, rhetoric, logic,
  geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy
  (?????????????????????).
• In the 17th Century America, liberal arts
  included the study of theology, arts and
  humanities (?????????) only, as in the case of
  Harvard College.
• In the modern time, in addition to theology, arts
  and humanities, mathematics, sciences, and social
  sciences (??????????) have been added to the
  liberal arts curriculum. Why?

7
Two Historical Events that Challenged Liberal
Arts Education in America

• Reconstruction Era after the Civil War (1861-65)
  from 1865 to 1877
• ??????????
• Great Depression from 1929 to the late 1930s (or
  early 1940s) ?????
• Now with the on-going recession and the rise of
  China?

8
The Evolution Becoming Liberal Arts Colleges and
Comprehensive Universities???????? vs. ?????
9
Essence of Liberal Arts Education???????

• The very essence of liberal arts education goes
  much beyond a simple set of courses which can be
  mechanically offered rather, it embraces a set
  of orientations, values, beliefs, and norms that
  require human touches by the faculty, such as,
  ideally, near unselfish devotion and commitment
  to liberal arts education.
• ??????????????????????? ??????????????????
  ??????????

10
Liberal Arts Education Blows Like A Wind

• ?????
• ????
• ?????????

11
An Open Secret????????

• Liberal Arts Education as the best undergraduate
  education in the U.S., ranging from liberal arts
  colleges within the Ivy League schools (e.g.,
  Harvard College and Columbia College) to small,
  independent liberal arts colleges (e.g., Williams
  College and Wellesley College) across the country.

12
Liberal Arts Education vs. General
Education?????? vs. ????

• The two are similar in that both are opposed to
  professional (??), vocational (??), technical
  (??) and practical (??) education, but they are
  not the same in that general education is part of
  or a more visible framework (?) of liberal arts
  education (?).
• While general education is a knowledge-based
  process of broad exposure to various general
  disciplines (????) which, understandably, can be
  somewhat measured both qualitatively and
  quantitatively, liberal arts education, on the
  other hand, is a personality-oriented process of
  self-identification and self-realization
  (???????????) that can hardly be measured in
  any way.
• Therefore, a good liberal arts college must have
  a solid general education (????), but a school
  even with a general education is not necessarily
  a provider of liberal arts education (????).

13
Liberal Arts College Education vs.
Comprehensive University Education???????????vs.
????????????

• Education in liberal arts colleges (including
  Harvard College) is to produce generalists (????)
  (as exemplified in the original meanings of the
  degrees of BA, MA, Ph.D., etc) with a whole
  education provided by individualized
  instructions in a residential, intimate,
  small-class learning environment (usually 2,000
  students or less), where extensive interactions
  between faculty and students and among students
  themselves foster a community of serious
  learning.
• ???????(?)????????????????????????????????
• (Elite education ???? Learn to be a
  well-informed ??, enlightened ??, and audacious
  ?? modern citizen ????.)
• Education in (especially public) comprehensive
  universities is to produce specialists (????)
  with professional (??), vocational (??),
  technical (??) and practical (??) trainings in a
  much larger learning environment.
• (Mass education ???? Learn to be a working
  professional ????.)

14
Liberals Arts Colleges and Other Types of
Colleges and Universities
Natl Private University (R ???????) Harvard Univ. (Stanford Univ.) Regl Private University (TV ???????) Loyola Marymont Univ. (Santa Clara Univ.)
Natl Liberal Arts College (T ???????) Williams College (Occidental College) (Where did J. McCain, H. Clinton and B. Obama go to college?) Regl Liberal Arts College (T ???????) Whittier College
Natl Public University (R ???????) UC Berkeley (Michigan State Univ.)   Regl Public University (V ???????) CSU, Long Beach (CSU, Los Angeles)
15
Natl Private University Harvard University (MA)
16
Regional Private UniversityLoyola Marymount
University (CA)
17
National Liberal Arts College Williams College
(MA)
18
Regional Liberal Arts CollegeWhittier College
(CA)
19
National Public UniversityUC Berkeley (CA)
20
Regional Public UniversityCSU Long Beach (CA)
21
Performances of Liberal Arts College Graduates

• Although liberal arts college graduates are
  very small in number when compared to those of
  larger public universities, they are
  disproportionately represented among leaders in
  many spheres of American society. According to a
  1998 study (http//www.collegenews.org/topliberala
  rtscolleges.xml), even though only 3 percent of
  American college and university graduates
  received education at a liberal arts college,
  alumni of these small colleges accounted for
• 8 percent of the nations wealthiest CEOs in 1998
  
• 19 percent of U.S. presidents, including
  Presidents Nixon and Reagan.
• 23 percent of Pulitzer Prize winners in drama, 19
  percent of the winners in history, 18 percent in
  poetry, 8 percent in biography, and 6 percent in
  fiction from 1960 to 1998
• 9 percent of all Fulbright scholarship awardees
• 24 percent of all Mellon fellowships recipients
  in the humanities
• 20 percent of Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest and most
  prestigious honor society in the United States,
  inductions between 1995 and 1997

22

• The same study of 1998 also suggests that liberal
• arts college graduates are disproportionately
• represented in the American scientific
  community.
• These colleges have produced nearly twice as
• many students who earn a Ph.D. in science as
• other institutions. Nearly 20 percent of the
• scientists elected to the National Academy of
• Sciences in a recent two-year period were
  alumni
• of a liberal arts college.

23
II. Four Models of Liberal Arts Education in
American Higher Education System?????????????????

• Williams Model A classic liberal arts college
  (Williams College) on its own.
• ????? ?????????/?? (????)
• Harvard Model A liberal arts college (Harvard
  College) within an university (Harvard
  University) that includes ALL undergraduates.
• ???? ???????????? (??????? ????)
• MSU Model An elite college (James Madison
  College) within an university (Michigan State
  University) that includes a SMALL PORTION of the
  undergraduates.
• ??????? ????????????
• UCSD Model Six residential colleges within an
  university (University of California, San Diego)
  that include ALL undergraduates.
• ???????????? ???????????? (???????
  ????)
• (Probably, the best model for Taiwans
  universities to develop liberal arts
  education---????.)

24
III. Liberal Arts Colleges in China, Hong Kong,
Macao and Singapore???????????????????

• ??????????
• ???????????
• ??????????
• ???????????
• ??????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????
• ????-????????? Yale-NUS (National University of
  Singapore) College (with 1,000 students and 100
  faculty members) in 2013
• ????-???????? Harvard-NCCU College???

25
IV. The Development of Taiwans Liberal Arts
Colleges?????????

• ??????????(2008)
• ??????????(2008)
• ??????????(2008)
• ??????????(2009)
• ??????????(2009)
• ??????????(2010)

26
V. The Present Excellence vs. Equity?? ????
vs. ?????? vs. ??? ????? ?????

• ??????????(2009-2010)
• ???? 130 (8 of 1,600 ??) X 2 ?
• ?????????
• ?? TWD 7,000,000
• ?? (????)
• ?????????? (2009-2010)
• ???? 1,400 (60 of 2,300 ??)
• ?????????
• ?? TWD 15,000,000
• ?? (????)

27
VI. Into the Future Thematization of Residential
Education???? ??(??)?????????????

• ?????????
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????/??/??
• ???????

28
Examples of Thematic Residential Colleges ??????

• ????
• ??? ??? 10gtgtgt18gtgtgt40?
• ???? (200813013080340?) ????
• ???? (2010 120?) ?????
• ???? (?) ????
• ???? (?) ???

29

• ????
• ??? ??????
• ?????? (2008) 60gtgtgt100
• ?????? (2011) 120?
• X ?? (2011) 50?
• ???? (2011) 100?
• ??????? ?????????
• ??????? ??????????????

30
VII. Residential College of International
Development?????? (RCID)
31
???????????

• 100????????
• ????9???31???
• ????82(??)38 (??)
• ????86(?)34(?)

32
???????????
????
????
15?
15?
15?
15?
15?
15?
15?
15?
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
1.???-???11?4????9?6?? 2.????????????????? 3.
???????????????
33
???????????
????
????
????
????
?????? (3??)
?????? (2??)
?? 1
??????????(240??) (2??)
?????? (3??)
?????? (2??)
?? 2
??????????(240??) (2??)
1.??????????????????? 2.???????1?????2?3??????
?? 3.?????????????????25????????????? 4.????????
?(??)??????????,???????????
34
???????????
????
100???????
????
??????????(2??)
????
??????
????
??????????
????
??
????
???????????
????
1.????????? 2.?????????? 3.?????????? 4.?????????
5.????????? 6.????????? 7.????????? 8.?????????
35
???????????
????
100???????
????
??????????(2??)
????
????????????????
????
??
????
??
????
???????????
????
1.?????????? 2.???????-??????????? 3.????????????-
???????? 4.?????? 5.???????? 6.????????????????? 7
.???????????
36
???????????
????
101???????
????
??????????(2??)
????
??????????
????
??
????
??
????
???????????
????
1.????????????/??/??(I) 2.???????????(I)-??120?? 3
.????????????/??/??(II) 4.???????????(II)-??120??
5.lt?????gt???????
37
???????????

• ????(??120?),??????????(?????)?
• ?????(??15-60?),??????????????
• ??????(??15-30?),?????????????
• ?????(??5-15?),????????????????
• ??????(??1-3?),????????????????1??

38
???????????
i-World????????
??????????????
?????? (??)
?????(????)
?????????
39
???????????

• ??????
• ???????2????,??????????????????,?????1????
• ???????????????????,???????????,??????????,???????
  ???

• ??????
• ????????????,???????????????,?????????,???????????
  ???
• ??????????,???????????????,?????????,?????????????
  ?
• ?????????????????????????,???????????,????????????
  ??,?????
• ????????????,?????????240?????????(????),????????
  ????,?????????