Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi

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Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi
Kejuruteraan adalah suatu bidang berkaitan dengan
reka bentuk (design) selamat dan ekonomi
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GEOLOGI KEJURUTERAN AHLI GEOLOGI JURUTERA
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• Engineering geology is the application of
  geological data, techniques and principles to the
  study of rock and soil surficial materials, and
  ground water. This is essential for the proper
  location, planning, design, construction,
  operation and maintenance of engineering
  structures. Engineering geology complements
  environmental geology, or hydrogeology.

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• Engineering geologists assess the natural
  foundations for buildings, bridges, dams,
  reservoirs, powerplants, pipelines, highways,
  canals, sewers, tunnels, mine adits and harbours.
  Design of these structures requires a thorough
  knowledge of the mechanical properties and
  stability of the rocks and sediments that will
  carry these structures. Engineering geologists
  need to anticipate the impact of subsidence,
  rains, floods, landslides, volcanoes and
  earthquakes on the foundations that bear these
  structures. They explore the physical and
  chemical properties of structural materials
  (sand, gravel, cement, clay), and water in and
  around construction sites. They advise on land
  use and on the planning and location of new urban
  and industrial development in cities. They
  examine and report on waste disposal sites, and
  particularly those for the disposal of nuclear
  wastes.

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• Engineering geologists must solve practical
  engineering problems. Basic university geology
  courses include physical and historical geology,
  geomorphology, glacial geology, mineralogy and
  petrology. Courses in sedimentology,
  stratigraphy, structural geology, and geophysics
  are also taken. Other topics include soil and
  rock mechanics, hydrogeology, air photo
  interpretation, site investigation and urban
  geology. Canada is a northern country with over
  half its land mass underlain by some type of
  perenially frozen ground so engineering
  geologists are focussing increasing attention on
  permafrost problems. Current global warming
  trends are likely to intensify the melting of
  ice, causing sediment stability problems for the
  foundations of structures

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• Most engineering geologists work for consulting
  firms in engineering geology, geotechnical
  engineering or environmental assessment. Many are
  employed in provincial and federal surveys.
  Others are involved with large urban and
  industrial development and construction firms.
  Still more are at universities or research
  institutions. The petroleum industry also takes
  its share. The demand for engineering geologists
  is high, and there are small numbers of graduates
  (about 100 each year) from Canadian universities

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Definition Engineering geology is devoted to the
investigation, study and solution of the
engineering and enviromental problems which may
arise as the result of the interaction between
geology and the works and activities of man as
well as the prediction and the development of
measures for prevention or remediation
of Geological hazards (IAEG Statutes, 1992)
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Engineering geology, as a science, is concerned
with the applications of the principles of
geology to civil (and to some extent, mining)
engineering, so that the engineer can take into
account these geological aspects which control
the economy, and safety of the structure which
is required to design and construct (Beavis,
1985)
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sambung Beavis lagi
All civil engineering works are constructed on,
or in rock and soil masses. It is essential
therefore that the civil engineer be aware of the
history, nature, and the properties of the rocks
and soils. Equally, it is essential for the
geologist, who is to work with the engineer, to
have some knowledge of engineering requirements.
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• Engineering geology embraces
• the definition of the geomorphology, structure,
  stratigraphy, lithology and ground water
  conditions of geological formations
• the characterisation of the mineralogical,
  physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic
  properties of all earth materials involved in
  construction, resource recovery and environmental
  change
• the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological
  behaviour of soil and rock masses
• the prediction of changes to the above properties
  with time
• the determination of the parameters to be
  considered in the stability analysis of
  engineering works and earth masses the
  improvement and maintenance of the environmental
  condition and properties of the terrain.

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Lihat kitar geologi (dari manusia dan geologi)
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science

• To observe
• To collect data
• To plot data
• To evaluate and analyze data
• To derive conclusion hyphotheses or theorizes,
  facts or illusion, truth or lies

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Jurutera merekabentuk untuk

• Keselamatan
• Keuntungan

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Sebuah madah
A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS
AN ENGINEER DESIGNS
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Konsep2 asas geologi

1. Sistem solar dan kejadiannya
2. Bumi struktur dalam, Tektonik Keping, proses
   kejadian di permukaan dan di dalam bumi
3. Batuan dan mineral, dan kejadiannya
4. Batuan igneus dan kejadiannya, dan gunung berapi
5. Luluhawa dan batuan mendak (stratigrafi)
6. Batuan metamorfik
7. Masa geologi dan fosil

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• Hidrologi air tanah
• Cangaan (struktur geologi)
• Peta geologi, Peta Topografi, persekitaran
  geologi (enviromen kejadian dan pemendapan)
• Sifat2 kejuruteraan tanah, batuan dan air
• Kajian tapak geologi, geokimia, geofiziks
• Kegunaan geologi dalam kejuruteraan sumber alam
  (air, mineral, bijih, gas asli, petroleum,
  batuan, pasir, tanahliat)
• Contoh2 kes penyelesaian masalah dalam
  kejuruteraan mekanik tanah dan batuan, tanah
  runtuh

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Tujuan kursus

• Memperkenalkan konsep2 asas geologi
• Menunjukkan bagaimana konsep2 asas geologi
  digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam
  bidang kejuruteraan (sama ada kejuruteraan awam,
  perlombongan, persekitaran, bahan, dll)
• Hasilnyakita menjadi lebih peka dengan sumber
  yang diberi oleh bumi (terhad) untuk dimanafaat
  dengan baik oleh manusia sejagat untuk
  mensejahtera kehidupan kita yang fana ini

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Sebuah madah
A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS
AN ENGINEER DESIGNS
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Jurutera merekabentuk untuk

• 1 Keselamatan
• 2 Keuntungan

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Tujuan kursus

• Memperkenalkan konsep2 asas geologi
• Menunjukkan bagaimana konsep2 asas geologi
  digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam
  bidang kejuruteraan (sama ada kejuruteraan awam,
  perlombongan, persekitaran, bahan, dll)
• Hasilnyakita menjadi lebih peka dengan sumber
  yang diberi oleh bumi (terhad) untuk dimanafaat
  dengan baik oleh manusia sejagat demi
  kesejahteraan hidup kita yang fana in.

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Konsep2 asas geologi

• Sistem solar dan kejadiannya
• Batuan dan mineral, dan kejadiannya
• Masa geologi
• Proses kejadian permukaan bumi
• Proses kejadian dalam bumi
• Sumber alam (air, mineral, bijih, gas asli,
  petrroleum, batuan, pasir, tanahliat)
• Persekitaran geologi

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Matlamat pembelajaran-pengajaran

• Learn to know
• Learn to do
• Learn to know and how to do

Matlamat ujian/peperiksaan ? ? ?
sekelumit falsafah
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Somebody says

• Knowledge is power!

What do you think?
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What do you think?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7

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Somebody also says

• APPLIED knowledge is power

Do you agree?
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pandangan bumi dari landsat images
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Earthquakes hits Hindu Kush, Afghanistan
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Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco
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Africa's Great Lakes
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Iceland
Iceland
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Snow in Northeast US
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Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
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Haro and Kas Hills, India
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Facts and figures

• Bumi dilitupi 71 oleh air dan 29 oleh daratan
  (landmass)
• Didiami oleh manusia ..
• Didiami oleh haiwan ..
• Didiami oleh fauna dan flora ..

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pandangan dalam bumi
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seismology

• P waves surface waves, longitudinal/compressional
  /push-pull type
• trasmitted parallel to the line of propagation
  moves faster than S waves at V 6-8 km/s first
  to arrive
• S waves surface waves also, transverse/shear
  particles moves sideways and wave motion is
  transmitted in a shear fashion, transverse to the
  line of propagation Vel 3-4 km/s

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Cont-

• S waves are not transmitted thru fluids cause
  the earthquakes (principal shaking)
• P waves moves thru solid and liquid phases
• P S waves moves faster in dense rx than in
  loose, low density materials both felt by people

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Facts and figures

• Kerak
• Mantel
• Teras luar
• Teras dalam

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Pantulan gelombang
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isostacy
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Rakaman gelombang
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Kedudukan magma dalam bumi
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Pandangan dalam bumi
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Peringatan kpd tok guru

• TEORI TEKTONIK KEPING (THEORIES OF PLATE
  TECTONICS) akan dibincang semula sebagai konsep
  yg menyatukan fahaman ahli sains tentang bumi dan
  sistemnya (SOLAR?)

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Lecture tambahan

• Apa yang berlaku di luar bumikehebatan dan
  kepentingan astronomi

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Mt Everest

• 29 035 kaki
• 8.84 km
• (1 kaki 0.0003 km)

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Renungan kpd soalan

• Adakah komposisi kimia kerak bumi, mantel bumi
  dan teras bumi mempunyai persamaan dgn planet2
  lain dan meteorit?
• Kalau ada persamaan, apa rumusan yang boleh di
  buat?
• Kalau berbeza, apa rumusan yang boleh dibuat?

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persoalan

• Conceptual learning vs realities
• Mental learning vs physical learning
• Context vs content
• Relative truth vs absolute truth
• Science vs religion
• Syariat vs hakikat

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PERSOALAN 2 YG LEBIH BESAR DAN HEBAT

• Bagaimana alam semesta terjadi?
• Bagaimana permulaannya dan bagaimana
  kesudahannya?
• Adakah bumi sahaja yang boleh dihuni oleh
  manusia?
• Bagaimana dengan planet2 lain? Ada kehidupan
  lain?
• Kalau ada kehidupan, apa maknanya?
• Kalau tak ada kehidupan, apa maknanya?

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persoalannya

• Adakah kita ada jawapannya?
• Pastikah kita tentang jawapannya?

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In retropect

• Kita dah banyak tahu tentang permukaan bumi,
  dalam perut bumi, di luar permukaan bumi hingga
  ke angkasa lepas, ada apa untuk kita?
• Sebagai manusia, itu soalan yg jauh yg sukar nak
  ditelusuri
• Sebagai jurutera, kita hadkan kegiatan kita pada
  permukaan bumi, sedikit di dalam permukaan bumi,
  dan sedikit di luar permukaan bumi ?kita kaitkan
  dgn kerja kita (sudah cukup!!!)

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KENAPA TERHAD DI PERMUKAAN?

• KITA AKAN MEREKABENTUK APA JUA STRUKTUR DI
  PERMUKAAN BUMI, DAN SEDIKIT DI DALAM PERMUKAAN
  BUMI DAN SEDIKIT DI LUAR PERMUKAAN BUMI YANG DI
  DALAM KAWALAN KITA, BUKAN DI LUAR KAWALAN KITA

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• Ciri2 fizikal dan kimia sistem solar

  Jisim (bumi 1) Jejari (km) ketumpatan Komposisi
Matahari 332000 695000 1.41 H2, He
Utarid 0.055 24440 5.44  
Kejora 0.815 6050 5.27 CO2,N2, H2O, Ar, SO2
Bumi 1 6371 5.52 N2, O2, CO2, H2O
Marikh 0.11 3397 3.95 H2, He, CH4, NH3
Musytari 318 71600 1.31  H2, He, CH4, NH3
Zuhal 95.2 60000 0.7  H2, He, CH4, NH3
Uranus 14.6 25900 1.21  H2, He, CH4, NH3
Neptun 17.2 24750 1.66  H2, He, CH4, NH3
Pluto 0.0017 1300 1?  
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Relative abundance of elements by wt Relative abundance of elements by wt Relative abundance of elements by wt    
crust whole earth meteorites sun Moon
O Fe O H O
Si O Fe He Si
Al Si Si O Mg
Fe Mg Mg C Fe
Ca Ni S N Ca
Na S Ni Si Al
K Ca Ca Mg Ni
Mg Al Al Fe S
Ti Na Na Si Ti
H Cr Cr Al Cr
P Mn Mn Ca Na
Mn Co P Ni P
Fe P Co Na Mn
Ba K K Cr V
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Kandungan unsur dalam kerak bumi
SiO2 60.18
Al2O3 15.61
Fe2O3 3.14
FeO 3.88
MgO 3.56
CaO 5.17
Na2O 3.91
K2O 3.19
TiO2 1.06
P2O5 0.3
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• Look at lect31 pamela